Fimbristylis cymosa |
Fimbristylis perpusilla |
|
---|---|---|
hurricanegrass |
Harper's fimbry |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose, (5–)10–60 cm, bases hard, glabrous; rhizomes absent. | Plants annual, delicate, cespitose, slender, 2–15 cm; rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | polystichous, mostly spreading-excurved, to 1/2 as long as culms; sheaths usually entire; ligule absent; blades linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat or shallowly involute, margin scabrid, apex blunt. |
polystichous, spreading to ascending, mostly excurved, exceeding or exceeded by culms; sheaths entire, backs glabrous; ligule absent; blades setaceous-filiform, to 0.5 mm wide, flat to involute, sparsely scabrid-ciliate. |
Inflorescences | simple or compound anthelae with numerous small pedunculate clusters of sessile spikelets; scapes linear, distally terete, 1–2 mm thick; involucral bracts short, usually shorter than inflorescence. |
anthelae mostly simple, open, nearly as broad as long, ascending-branching, umbelliform, of 3–10 cormose spikelets; scapes filiform, 0.5–0.6 mm thick; proximalmost involucral bracts setaceous-bladed, exceeding anthela. |
Spikelets | greenish brown or yellow-brown, ovoid, 2–3 mm; fertile scales broadly ovate, 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or apically notched, midrib not excurrent. |
pale green to light brown, ovoid to globose or short-cylindric, 2–5 mm; fertile scales lance-linear to oblong-linear, 1.5 mm, glabrous, midrib strongly excurrent, erect to excurved cusp. |
Flowers | stamens usually 1; styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous. |
stamens 1; styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous. |
Achenes | dark brown to nearly black, tumidly obovoid, rarely obscurely 3-ribbed, 1 mm, faintly striate to variously warty, faintly reticulate. |
pale brown with iridescent tints, curved-cylindric, 0.4–0.6 mm, finely reticulate, in 12 vertical rows of narrowly rectangular, horizontal cells. |
2n | = 56. |
= 10. |
Fimbristylis cymosa |
Fimbristylis perpusilla |
|
Phenology | Fruiting all year. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Sands of sea beaches, brackish sandy open sites, often disturbed, commonly just in from mangrove or on sandy road shoulders | Fluctuating sandy-silty shores of shallow ponds, pine savanna pools, reservoirs, ditches, and canals |
Elevation | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) | 0–100(–200) m (0–300(–700) ft) |
Distribution |
FL; s Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa; Asia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia |
DE; GA; MD; NC; SC; TN; VA |
Discussion | New World examples of Fimbristylis cymosa are almost exclusively bicarpellate, with bifid styles; Old World Oceania examples are tricarpellate, with trifid styles, a form not covered in this treatment. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. The nearest relative of this ephemeral is Fimbristylis dipsacea, a similarly diminutive Eurasian and South American annual with broader, more spreadingcusped spikelets and oddly compound-papillate fruit. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 128. | FNA vol. 23, p. 128. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | F. melanospora, F. obtusifolia, F. sintenisii, F. spathacea, Scirpus obtusifolius | |
Name authority | R. Brown: Prodr., 228. (1810) | R. M. Harper ex Small & Britton: in J. K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., 188, 1327. (1903) |
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