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hurricanegrass

Harper's fimbry

Habit Plants perennial, cespitose, (5–)10–60 cm, bases hard, glabrous; rhizomes absent. Plants annual, delicate, cespitose, slender, 2–15 cm; rhizomes absent.
Leaves

polystichous, mostly spreading-excurved, to 1/2 as long as culms;

sheaths usually entire;

ligule absent;

blades linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat or shallowly involute, margin scabrid, apex blunt.

polystichous, spreading to ascending, mostly excurved, exceeding or exceeded by culms;

sheaths entire, backs glabrous;

ligule absent;

blades setaceous-filiform, to 0.5 mm wide, flat to involute, sparsely scabrid-ciliate.

Inflorescences

simple or compound anthelae with numerous small pedunculate clusters of sessile spikelets;

scapes linear, distally terete, 1–2 mm thick;

involucral bracts short, usually shorter than inflorescence.

anthelae mostly simple, open, nearly as broad as long, ascending-branching, umbelliform, of 3–10 cormose spikelets;

scapes filiform, 0.5–0.6 mm thick;

proximalmost involucral bracts setaceous-bladed, exceeding anthela.

Spikelets

greenish brown or yellow-brown, ovoid, 2–3 mm;

fertile scales broadly ovate, 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or apically notched, midrib not excurrent.

pale green to light brown, ovoid to globose or short-cylindric, 2–5 mm;

fertile scales lance-linear to oblong-linear, 1.5 mm, glabrous, midrib strongly excurrent, erect to excurved cusp.

Flowers

stamens usually 1;

styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous.

stamens 1;

styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous.

Achenes

dark brown to nearly black, tumidly obovoid, rarely obscurely 3-ribbed, 1 mm, faintly striate to variously warty, faintly reticulate.

pale brown with iridescent tints, curved-cylindric, 0.4–0.6 mm, finely reticulate, in 12 vertical rows of narrowly rectangular, horizontal cells.

2n

= 56.

= 10.

Fimbristylis cymosa

Fimbristylis perpusilla

Phenology Fruiting all year. Fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Sands of sea beaches, brackish sandy open sites, often disturbed, commonly just in from mangrove or on sandy road shoulders Fluctuating sandy-silty shores of shallow ponds, pine savanna pools, reservoirs, ditches, and canals
Elevation 0–50 m (0–200 ft) 0–100(–200) m (0–300(–700) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; s Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa; Asia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
DE; GA; MD; NC; SC; TN; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

New World examples of Fimbristylis cymosa are almost exclusively bicarpellate, with bifid styles; Old World Oceania examples are tricarpellate, with trifid styles, a form not covered in this treatment.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

The nearest relative of this ephemeral is Fimbristylis dipsacea, a similarly diminutive Eurasian and South American annual with broader, more spreadingcusped spikelets and oddly compound-papillate fruit.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 128. FNA vol. 23, p. 128.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis
Sibling taxa
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. cymosa, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. puberula, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
Synonyms F. melanospora, F. obtusifolia, F. sintenisii, F. spathacea, Scirpus obtusifolius
Name authority R. Brown: Prodr., 228. (1810) R. M. Harper ex Small & Britton: in J. K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., 188, 1327. (1903)
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