Fimbristylis cymosa |
Fimbristylis autumnalis |
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hurricanegrass |
fimbristyle d'automme, slender fimbry |
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Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose, (5–)10–60 cm, bases hard, glabrous; rhizomes absent. | Plants annual, cespitose, 5–20(–30) cm, glabrous, plant base soft; rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | polystichous, mostly spreading-excurved, to 1/2 as long as culms; sheaths usually entire; ligule absent; blades linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat or shallowly involute, margin scabrid, apex blunt. |
distichous, shorter or longer than culms; sheaths keeled, entire or distally ciliate; ligule of short hairs complete; blades narrowly linear, 1–3 mm wide, flat, margin scabrid-ciliate. |
Inflorescence(s) | simple or compound anthelae with numerous small pedunculate clusters of sessile spikelets; scapes linear, distally terete, 1–2 mm thick; involucral bracts short, usually shorter than inflorescence. |
anthelae compound, mostly diffuse, mostly turbinate, as broad as long, ascending-branching; scapes filiform to linear, distally variously compressed, sometimes alate, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm wide, edges scabrid; primary involucral bract usually 1, blade exceeding or exceeded by anthela. |
Spikelets | greenish brown or yellow-brown, ovoid, 2–3 mm; fertile scales broadly ovate, 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or apically notched, midrib not excurrent. |
red-brown or brown, mostly narrowly lanceoloid to narrowly ellipsoid, 3–7 mm; fertile scales lanceolate, keeled, 1.5–2 mm, narrowly acute, glabrous, midrib excurrent as mucro. |
Flowers | stamens usually 1; styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous. |
stamens (1–)2; styles 3-fid, slender, with 3angled base, glabrous. |
Achenes | dark brown to nearly black, tumidly obovoid, rarely obscurely 3-ribbed, 1 mm, faintly striate to variously warty, faintly reticulate. |
pale brown, trigonous-obovoid, 0.5–0.7 mm, apiculate and 3-ribbed, smooth to variably warty. |
2n | = 56. |
= 10. |
Fimbristylis cymosa |
Fimbristylis autumnalis |
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Phenology | Fruiting all year. | Fruiting summer–fall, all year southward. |
Habitat | Sands of sea beaches, brackish sandy open sites, often disturbed, commonly just in from mangrove or on sandy road shoulders | Moist to wet sands, peats, silts, or clays, primarily of disturbed, sunny ground such as seeps, ditches, savanna, stream banks, reservoir drawdowns, and pond shores |
Elevation | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) | 0–500(–1000) m (0–1600(–3300) ft) |
Distribution |
FL; s Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa; Asia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC
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Discussion | New World examples of Fimbristylis cymosa are almost exclusively bicarpellate, with bifid styles; Old World Oceania examples are tricarpellate, with trifid styles, a form not covered in this treatment. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 128. | FNA vol. 23, p. 130. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | F. melanospora, F. obtusifolia, F. sintenisii, F. spathacea, Scirpus obtusifolius | Scirpus autumnalis, F. autumnalis var. mucronulata, F. frankii, Scirpus michauxii, Scirpus mucronulatus, Trichelostylis geminata, Trichelostylis mucronulata |
Name authority | R. Brown: Prodr., 228. (1810) | (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes: in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 2: 97. (1817) |
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