Festuca paradoxa |
Festuca trachyphylla |
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cluster fescue |
fétuque dressée à feuilles scabres, hard fescue, hard or sheep fescue, rough leaf fescue, sheep fescue |
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Habit | Plants loosely cespitose, without rhizomes. | Plants densely cespitose, without rhizomes. |
Culms | 50-120 cm, glabrous. |
(15)20-75 (80) cm, smooth, glabrous or with sparse hairs. |
Sheaths | closed for less than 1/3 their length, glabrous, shredding into fibers; Iigules (0.2)0.5-1.5 mm; blades 2-8 mm wide, flat or loosely convolute, smooth or scabrous, veins 9-35, ribs obscure; abaxial sclerenchyma in narrow strands; adaxial sclerenchyma developed; girders or pillars usually associated with the major veins. |
closed for less than 1/3 their length, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent, persistent; collars glabrous; ligules 0.1-0.5 mm; blades (0.5)0.8-1.2 mm in diameter, usually conduplicate, rarely flat, abaxial surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or scabrous, adaxial surfaces scabrous or puberulent to pubescent, veins 5-7(9), ribs 3-7, usually distinct; abaxial sclerenchyma usually in an irregular, interrupted or continuous band, rarely in 5-7 small strands, usually more than twice as wide as high; adaxial sclerenchyma absent. |
Inflorescences | (5)10-20 cm, open, with 1-2 branches per node; branches lax, ascending to spreading, spikelets clustered towards the ends of the branches, closely imbricate. |
(2.5)3-13(16) cm, contracted, with 1-2 branches per node; branches erect or stiffly spreading, secondary branches not divaricate, lower branches with 2+ spikelets. |
Spikelets | 4-7(7.5) mm, elliptic to obovate, with 3-5(8) florets. |
5-9(10.8) mm, with 3-7(8) florets. |
Glumes | lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, scabrous at least on the veins; lower glumes (2.5)3-4(5) mm, usually almost as long as the adjacent lemmas; upper glumes (3.5)4-5(5.5) mm; lemmas 4-5(5.2) mm, stiffly chartaceous, ovate to obovate, glabrous, somewhat acute, unawned; paleas as long as or slightly shorter than the lemmas, intercostal region smooth or scabrous distally; anthers (0.7)1-2(2.5) mm; ovary apices pubescent. |
exceeded by the upper florets, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, mostly smooth and glabrous, sometimes scabrous and/or pubescent distally; lower glumes (1.8)2-3.5(4) mm; upper glumes 3-5(5.5) mm; lemmas 3.8-5(6.5) mm, lanceolate, usually smooth and glabrous on the lower portion and scabrous or pubescent distally, especially on the margins, rarely entirely pubescent, awns 0.5-2.5(3) mm, usually less than 1/2 as long as the lemma body; paleas about as long as the lemmas, intercostal region puberulent distally; anthers (1.8)2.3-3.4 mm; ovary apices glabrous. |
2n | = unknown. |
= 42. |
Festuca paradoxa |
Festuca trachyphylla |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; ON; QC
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Discussion | Festuca paradoxa grows in prairies, open woods, thickets, and low open ground, from Wisconsin to Pennsylvania, south to northeastern Texas and northern Georgia. It resembles F. subverticillata (see previous), but its spikelets are more crowded on the branches. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Festuca trachyphylla is native to open forests and forest edge habitats of Europe. It has been introduced and has become naturalized in many temperate regions. In the Flora region, F. trachyphylla is generally sold under the name 'Hard Fescue', and is popular as a durable turf grass and soil stabilizer. It is particularly common in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, but is probably grown throughout the temperate parts of the region. Its naturalized distribution can be expected to expand. For many years, Festuca trachyphylla was known, inappropriately, under other names, e.g., F. duriuscula L., F. ovina var. duriuscula (L.) W.D.J. Koch, and F. longifolia Thuill. Some European authors treat it as F. stricta subsp. trachyphylla (Hack.) Patzke. It has frequently been included in F. ovina (p. 422). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 402. | FNA vol. 24, p. 424. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Festuca | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Festuca > subg. Festuca > sect. Festuca |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | F. shortii | F. ovina var. duriuscula, F. longifolia var. trachyphylla, F. duriuscula, F. brevipila |
Name authority | Desv. | (Hack.) Krajina |
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