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California fescue

Guadalupe fescue

Habit Plants densely cespitose, without rhizomes. Plants loosely to densely cespitose, with short rhizomes.
Culms

30-150 (200) cm, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes scabrous.

45-80 cm, erect or the bases decumbent, scabrous near the inflorescence.

Sheaths

closed for less than 1/3 their length, persistent, glabrous or pilose, smooth or scabrous, sometimes scabrous or pilose only distally or on the distal margins;

collars usually densely pubescent or with a few hairs at the margins, sometimes glabrous;

ligules 0.2-5 mm, usually ciliate, abaxial surfaces puberulent;

blades 1-6.5 mm wide, conduplicate, convolute, or flat, 0.5-2(2.5) mm in diameter when convolute, deciduous, abaxial surfaces scabrous or smooth, glabrous or the bases pubescent, adaxial surfaces puberulent to pubescent, veins 9-15(17), ribs (3)5-15(17);

abaxial sclerenchyma forming more or less continuous bands, sometimes reduced to small strands;

adaxial sclerenchyma sometimes present;

girders or pillars present at most veins.

closed for less than 1/3 their length, glabrous or finely scabrous;

collars glabrous;

ligules 3-5(8) mm;

blades 1-3 mm wide when flat, 0.6-1.2 mm in diameter when conduplicate, persistent, abaxial surfaces glabrous, smooth to sparsely scabrous, adaxial surfaces scabrous, veins (5)7-9, ribs 5-9;

abaxial sclerenchyma in strands opposite the veins, rarely a discontinuous band;

adaxial sclerenchyma sometimes present;

girders sometimes present at the major veins;

pillars usually present if the girders not developed.

Inflorescences

10-25(30) cm, open, with (1)2(4) branches per node;

branches spreading and lax.

6-10(16) cm, contracted or loosely open, with 1-2(3) branches per node;

branches erect or spreading, lower branches sometimes reflexed, spikelets borne towards the ends of the branches.

Spikelets

8-18(20) mm, borne towards the ends of the branches, with 3-6(8) florets.

6-8.5 mm, with 2-3(4) florets.

Glumes

lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely scabrous at the apices;

lower glumes (4)4.5-6.7(8) mm;

upper glumes (5)6-10 mm;

lemmas (7)7.5-11 mm, lanceolate, scabrous, puberulent, sometimes minutely bidentate, acute, usually awned, rarely unawned, awns (1)2-3(4) mm;

paleas shorter than to longer than the lemmas, pubescent or glabrous on the margins, intercostal region usually puberulent distally;

anthers (3)4-7.5(8.5) mm;

ovary apices densely pubescent.

scabrous, acute;

lower glumes 3-4(5.5) mm;

upper glumes 3.5-5.5(6.5) mm;

lemmas 4-6.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, smooth or sparsely scabrous towards the apices, unawned;

paleas as long as to slightly longer than the lemmas, intercostal region puberulent distally;

anthers 1.5-2.6 mm;

ovary apices pubescent.

2n

= 56.

= unknown.

Festuca californica

Festuca ligulata

Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Festuca californica grows on dry, open slopes and moist streambanks in thickets and open woods, from sea level to 2000 m. Its range extends from Clackamas County, Oregon, to the Sierra Nevada and southern California; it is not known to extend into Mexico. It is the largest species of Festuca in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Festuca ligulata grows on moist, shady slopes in the mountains of western Texas and north-central Mexico. It is listed as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of the United States.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Culms 30-80(100) cm tall, usually pubescent for more than 5 mm below the nodes; lower sheaths densely retrorsely pubescent; vegetative shoot blades with (3)5-9 ribs, the ribs to about 1/2 as deep as the blade thickness; abaxial sclerenchyma in small strands or forming continuous bands; adaxial sclerenchyma strands present or absent; sclerenchyma pillars rarely formed; girders not developed; spikelets with 3-4(5) florets
subsp. parishii
1. Culms 60-150(200) cm tall, glabrous or pubescent for less than 5 mm below the nodes; lower sheaths glabrous or pubescent, if pubescent then usually not densely retrorsely hairy; vegetative shoot blades with 7-15(17) ribs, the ribs usually more than 1/2 as deep as the blade thickness; abaxial sclerenchyma forming a continuous band; adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; sclerenchyma pillars or girders usually associated with most of the veins; spikelets with (3)4-6(8) florets.
→ 2
2. Ligules 0.2-1(1.2) mm long, ciliate; spikelets (8)13-18(20) mm long
subsp. californica
2. Ligules (1)1.5-5 mm long, ciliate or not; spikelets 8-12(17) mm long
subsp. hitchcockiana
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 410. FNA vol. 24, p. 408.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Festuca > subg. Festuca > sect. Breviaristatae Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Festuca > subg. Festuca > sect. Breviaristatae
Sibling taxa
F. altaica, F. amethystina, F. arizonica, F. auriculata, F. baffinensis, F. brachyphylla, F. brevissima, F. calligera, F. campestris, F. dasyclada, F. earlei, F. edlundiae, F. elmeri, F. filiformis, F. frederikseniae, F. glauca, F. groenlandica, F. hallii, F. heterophylla, F. hyperborea, F. idahoensis, F. lenensis, F. ligulata, F. minutiflora, F. occidentalis, F. ovina, F. paradoxa, F. prolifera, F. pseudovivipara, F. roemeri, F. rubra, F. saximontana, F. sororia, F. subulata, F. subuliflora, F. subverticillata, F. thurberi, F. trachyphylla, F. valesiaca, F. versuta, F. viridula, F. viviparoidea, F. washingtonica
F. altaica, F. amethystina, F. arizonica, F. auriculata, F. baffinensis, F. brachyphylla, F. brevissima, F. californica, F. calligera, F. campestris, F. dasyclada, F. earlei, F. edlundiae, F. elmeri, F. filiformis, F. frederikseniae, F. glauca, F. groenlandica, F. hallii, F. heterophylla, F. hyperborea, F. idahoensis, F. lenensis, F. minutiflora, F. occidentalis, F. ovina, F. paradoxa, F. prolifera, F. pseudovivipara, F. roemeri, F. rubra, F. saximontana, F. sororia, F. subulata, F. subuliflora, F. subverticillata, F. thurberi, F. trachyphylla, F. valesiaca, F. versuta, F. viridula, F. viviparoidea, F. washingtonica
Subordinate taxa
F. californica subsp. californica, F. californica subsp. hitchcockiana, F. californica subsp. parishii
Name authority Vasey Swallen
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