Festuca brachyphylla |
Festuca campestris |
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alpine fescue, fétuque à feuilles courtes |
mountain rough fescue, prairie fescue, rough fescue, rough fesuce |
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Habit | Plants densely or loosely cespitose, without rhizomes. | Plants densely cespitose, usually without rhizomes, occasionally with short rhizomes. | ||||||||
Culms | (5)8-35(55) cm, erect, usually smooth and glabrous, sometimes sparsely scabrous or puberulent near the inflorescence. |
(30)40-90(140) cm, scabrous near the inflorescence; nodes usually not exposed. |
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Sheaths | closed for about 1/2 their length, smooth or scabrous, persistent or slowly shredding into fibers; collars glabrous; ligules 0.1-0.4 mm; blades (0.3)0.5-1(1.2) mm in diameter, conduplicate, abaxial surfaces smooth or sparsely scabrous, adaxial surfaces scabrous, veins (3)5-7, ribs 3-5; abaxial sclerenchyma in 3-7(9) narrow strands, usually less than twice as wide as high; adaxial sclerenchyma absent; flag leaf sheaths not inflated, more or less tightly enclosing the culms; flag leaf blades (0.3)1-2.5(3) cm. |
closed for less than 1/3 their length, glabrous or scabrous, persistent; collars glabrous; ligules 0.1-0.5 mm; blades 0.8-2 mm in diameter, usually conduplicate, rarely convolute, gray-green, deciduous, abaxial surfaces scabrous, adaxial surfaces scabrous or puberulent, veins (8)11-15(17), ribs (6)7-11; abaxial sclerenchyma usually forming a more or less continuous band; adaxial sclerenchyma developed; girders at the 5-7 major veins; pillars at some of the other veins. |
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Inflorescences | 1.5-4(5.5) cm, contracted, usually panicles, very rarely racemes, with 1-2 branches per node; branches usually erect, sometimes spreading at anthesis, lower branches with 2+ spikelets. |
(5)9-18(25) cm, open or loosely contracted, with (1)2(3) branches per node; branches erect to stiffly spreading. |
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Spikelets | 3.5-7(8.5) mm, with 2-4(6) florets. |
8-13(16) mm, with (3)4-5(7) florets. |
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Glumes | exceeded by the upper florets, ovate-lanceolate, usually glabrous and smooth, sometimes scabrous distally; lower glumes (1.2)1.8-3(3.5) mm; upper glumes (2.4)2.6-4(4.6) mm; lemmas 2.5-4.5(6) mm, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, scabrous towards the apices, awns (0.8)1-3(3.5) mm, terminal; paleas about as long as the lemmas, intercostal region scabrous or puberulent distally; anthers (0.5)0.7-1.1(1.3) mm; ovary apices glabrous. |
exceeded by the distal florets; lower glumes 4.5-7.5(8.5) mm, shorter than or about equaling the adjacent lemmas; upper glumes 5.3-8.2(9) mm; lemmas (6.2)7-8.5(10) mm, chartaceous to somewhat coriaceous, scabrous, backs rounded below the middle, veins more or less obscure, apices mucronate or shortly awned, awns to 1.5 mm; paleas somewhat shorter than the lemmas, intercostal region puberulent distally; anthers (3.3) 4.5-6 mm; ovary apices pubescent. |
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2n | = 28, 42, 44. |
= 56. |
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Festuca brachyphylla |
Festuca campestris |
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Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; ME; MN; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; VT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
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CO; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC; ON; SK
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Discussion | Festuca brachyphylla is a variable, circumpolar, arctic, alpine, and boreal species of open, rocky places. It is palatable to livestock, and is important in some areas as forage for wildlife. The spikelets are usually tinged red to purple by anthocyanin pigments; plants which lack anthocyanins in the spikelets have been named F. brachyphylla f. flavida Polunin. Festuca brachyphylla has frequently been included in F. ovina (p. 422), and it is closely related to F. saximontana (p. 430), F. hyberborea (p. 432), F. edlundiae (p. 432), F. groenlandica (p. 434), and F. minutiflora (p. 434). It may hybridize with F. baffinensis and/or other species to form F. viviparoidea (p. 436). Three subspecies have been recognized in North America. Festuca brachyphylla subsp. brachyphylla is circumpolar and primarily arctic, subarctic, and boreal, extending southward in the northern Rocky Mountains. The other two subspecies are restricted to alpine regions in the western mountains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Festuca campestris is a common species in prairies and montane and subalpine grasslands, at elevations to about 2000 m. Its range extends from southern British Columbia, Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan south through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. It is highly palatable and provides nutritious forage. Festuca campestris differs from F. hallii (see previous) in having larger spikelets, less stiffly erect panicles and, usually, in lacking rhizomes. Where the two are sympatric, F. campestris tends to grow at higher elevations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 428. | FNA vol. 24, p. 408. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Festuca > subg. Festuca > sect. Festuca | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Festuca > subg. Festuca > sect. Breviaristatae | ||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | F. ovina var. brevifolia, F. ovina var. brachyphylla | |||||||||
Name authority | Schult. & Schult. f. | Rydb. | ||||||||
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