Fallopia dumetorum
Fallopia cilinodis
climbing false buckwheat, copse-bindweed, renouée des haies, thicket bindweed
fringe bindweed, fringe black bindweed
ocrea usually deciduous, tan or brown, cylindric to funnelform, 1.5–3.5 mm, margins oblique, face not fringed with reflexed hairs and slender bristles at base, otherwise glabrous or scabrid;
petiole 0.3–2.5 cm, glabrous or scabrid in lines;
blade triangular to hastate, 2–8 × 1–5 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins wavy, scabrid, apex acute to acuminate, abaxially and adaxially faces glabrous or papillose to scabrid, not glaucous, the abaxial rarely minutely dotted.
ocrea usually deciduous, light brown, cylindric, 3–4 mm, margins oblique, base fringed with reflexed hairs and slender bristles, face glabrous or puberulent;
petiole 1–6 cm, retrorsely pubescent;
blade cordate-ovate, cordate-hastate, or cordate-sagittate, 2–6(–12) × 2–5(–10) cm, base cordate, margins wavy, often reddish-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial face pilose-hispid, not minutely dotted, not glaucous, adaxial face glabrous.
axillary, erect or spreading, racemelike, 2–20 cm, axes glabrous or scabrid;
peduncle 0.1–6 cm or absent, glabrous or scabrid.
terminal and axillary, erect or spreading, paniclelike, 4–10(–15) cm, axes reddish-pilose;
peduncle 1–12 cm, retrorsely pubescent.
ascending or spreading to deflexed, articulated distally, 4–8 mm, glabrous.
ascending or spreading, articulated near middle or distally, 3–4 mm, glabrous or puberulent.
bisexual, 2–6 per ocreate fascicle;
perianth accrescent in fruit, greenish white or pinkish, 3.5–7 mm including stipelike base, glabrous;
tepals elliptic to obovate, apex obtuse to acute, outer 3 winged;
stamens 8;
filaments flattened proximally, pubescent proximally;
styles connate;
stigmas capitate.
bisexual, 4–7 per ocreate fascicle;
perianth nonaccrescent, greenish white to white, 1.5–2 mm including stipelike base, glabrous;
tepals elliptic, apex obtuse to acute, outer 3 obscurely keeled;
stamens 6–8;
filaments flattened proximally, pubescent proximally;
styles connate basally;
stigmas capitate.
included, black, 2–4 × 1.8–2.4 mm, shiny, smooth; fruiting perianth glabrous, wings flat or, less often, undulate or crinkled, 1.5–2 mm wide, usually truncate or attenuate-decurrent on stipelike base nearly to articulation, margins entire or rarely undulate-crenate.
included or exserted, brownish black to black, 3–4 × 1.8–2.4 mm, shiny, smooth; fruiting perianth glabrous, wings absent.
= 20.
= 22.
Fallopia dumetorum
Fallopia cilinodis
Because of similarity to Fallopia scandens, specimens of F. dumetorum often are misidentified. Consequently, the range of F. dumetorum in North America is unclear; it is probably exaggerated in most floras.
Mature fruiting perianths provide the most reliable characters distinguishing Fallopia dumetorum from F. scandens. European specimens of F. dumetorum, have fruiting perianths that are consistently orbiculate in outline, with wings usually flat and abruptly contracted on the stipelike perianth bases. Fallopia scandens has fruiting perianths that are obovate in outline, with wings undulate and gradually decurrent on the stipelike perianth bases. Additional characteristics reported to distinguish F. dumetorum from F. scandens are its annual habit (F. scandens also is reported to be annual in some of the literature) and more triangular leaf blades with cordate or sagittate bases. In recognizing F. dumetorum, we follow S. T. Kim et al. (2000) and M. H. Kim et al. (2000), who concluded from limited morphological and flavonoid data that the taxa are best treated as distinct species. More detailed studies may prove the two to be conspecific.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Á. Löve and D. Löve (1982) reported a chromosome count of 2n = 20 for Fallopia cilinodis. All other counts summarized by J. P. Bailey and C. A. Stace (1992) and counts by M. H. Kim et al. (2000) are 2n = 22. It is not known if the 2n = 20 count is an error.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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