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buckwheat, common buckwheat, common true buckwheat, domestic buckwheat, garden buckwheat, sarrasin commun

Stems

ascending or erect, green or striped with pink or red, branched, (7–)15–90 cm.

Leaves

ocrea brownish hyaline, loose, funnelform, 2–8 mm, margins truncate, eciliate, glabrous or puberulent proximally;

petiole 1.5–6(–9) cm, usually puberulent adaxially;

blade palmately veined with 7–9 primary basal veins, hastate-triangular, sagittate-triangular, or cordate, 2.5–8 × 2–8 cm, base truncate or cordate to sagittate, margins ciliolate, apex acute to acuminate.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, paniclelike, 1–4 cm, usually crowded at stem apices;

peduncle 0.5–4 cm, puberulent in lines.

Pedicels

ascending or recurved, 2.5–4 mm.

Flowers

chasmogamous, heterostylous [homostylous];

perianths creamy white to pale pink;

tepals elliptic to obovate, (2.5–)3–5 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute;

stamens ca. 1/2 as long as or slightly longer than perianth;

styles 1.5–2 mm or 0.5–1 mm;

stigmas purplish.

Achenes

uniformly light brown or streaked with dark brown or black, sharply 3-gonous, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, faces smooth, angles prominent, unwinged or essentially so, smooth or occasionally with blunt tooth in proximal 1/3.

2n

= 16 (China).

Fagopyrum esculentum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep; fruiting Jun–Nov.
Habitat Cultivated as crop plant, waif along railroads, roadsides, fields, waste places, occasionally weedy
Elevation 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; MB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America; introduced in Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Fagopyrum esculentum is a heterostylous, obligate out-crosser. Morphological, allozyme, and molecular data suggest that the cultivated plants are most closely related to wild ones in northwestern Yunnan, China.

Common buckwheat is an important pseudocereal crop in China, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Poland; it is grown in many other countries. It is planted frequently in wildlife food plots, as a catch or cover crop, and as a honey plant in North America. Hulls from the achenes are used for pillow filling, which manufacturers claim has health benefits over traditional foam, polyester, or down fillings.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 573.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Fagopyrum
Sibling taxa
F. tataricum
Synonyms Polygonum fagopyrum, F. sagittatum, F. vulgare
Name authority Moench: Methodus, 290. (1794)
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