Euthamia gymnospermoides |
Euthamia |
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Great Plains goldentop, Texas goldentop, viscid grass-leaf goldenrod |
goldentop, grass-leaf goldenrod |
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Habit | Perennials or subshrubs, 40–150 cm. | Perennials or subshrubs, 40–200 cm (rhizomes creeping, fibrous-rooted). | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | (simple or branched) glabrous or with scabrous lines, not glaucous. |
erect (nearly terete), simple or branched, glabrous or hairy. |
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Leaves | usually ascending; blades (1–)3- or -5-nerved, linear to lanceolate, 40–100(–120) × 1.4–4(–8) mm, lengths 12–49 time widths, gradually reduced distally, firm-herbaceous, margins scabrous, apices acuminate, faces abundantly and prominently gland-dotted (29–49 dots per mm²), glabrous or midveins with hairs. |
cauline; alternate; sessile; blades (± uniform along stems) linear to lanceolate (40–130 mm), margins entire, faces glabrous or hairy, sparsely to densely gland-dotted (dots obscure or evident, 0.1–0.25 mm diam., 0–86 per mm²). |
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Involucres | obconic, (4–)4.5–6.2 mm. |
obconic to hemispheric, (2.5–6.3 ×) 2.1–8.1 mm. |
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Receptacles | flat, pitted (pit borders ± fimbrillate), epaleate. |
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Ray florets | 9–13(–16). |
7–22(–35) (usually more numerous than disc florets), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. |
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Disc florets | 3–9; corollas (3–)3.3–4.8 mm. |
3–22, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than tubular to slender-funnelform throats, lobes 5, erect to ascending, oblong-lanceolate; style-branch appendages lanceolate. |
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Phyllaries | usually green-tipped, outer ovate, inner linear-oblong, apices obtuse to acute (± strongly resinous). |
11–29 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved (flat), linear to ovate, bases often stramineous or pale, margins chartaceous or weakly cartilaginous, not scarious (apices with green zones, erose to ciliate), abaxial faces glabrous, little to very resinous. |
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Heads | (some or all) pedunculate (rarely all glomerate), usually in flat-topped to slightly rounded, arrays (25–)35–60% of plant heights. |
radiate, borne singly or (glomerulate) in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | oblong to narrowly ellipsoid, ± terete, 2–4-nerved, strigose; pappi persistent, of 20–30, white, ± equal, antrorsely barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 1 series. |
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x | = 9. |
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2n | = 36, 54. |
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Euthamia gymnospermoides |
Euthamia |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open, dry to moist, sandy areas | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CO; DE; FL; IA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MN; MO; NC; NE; OK; SC; SD; TX; VA; WI; ON
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North America; Mexico [Introduced in Europe, Asia] |
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Discussion | Some plants from the southern Great Lakes area with tendencies to shorter involucres and narrower leaves, called Euthamia gymnospermoides by H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and D. J. Sieren (1981), are better included in E. caroliniana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 5 (5 in the flora). Euthamia was formerly included in Solidago. Arrangements of heads, gland-dotted leaves, and DNA sequence data demonstrate that Euthamia should be treated as distinct from Solidago (L. C. Anderson and J. B. Creech 1975; R. D. Noyes and L. H. Rieseberg 1999). Ambiguous and contradictory information has led to much debate about who named Euthamia (D. J. Sieren 1981; K. N. Gandhi 1999; G. L. Nesom 1999; J. L. Strother 2000). I consider correct authorship for this genus to be as given in Index Nominum Genericorum (http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/ing). Euthamia is capable of tremendous phenotypic variation. Transitional aspects of a given plant are much more likely to be related to environmental factors than to introgression. Heights of arrays are determined by measuring from the summit of the plant to the bases of proximalmost head-bearing branches. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 99. | FNA vol. 20, p. 97. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Euthamia | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | E. camporum, E. chrysothamnoides, E. glutinosa, E. pulverulenta, Solidago gymnospermoides var. callosa, Solidago texensis | Solidago subg. E. | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 5: 75. (1902) | (Nuttall) Cassini: in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2, 37: 471. (1825) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |