Flora of North America species comparison

1–3+, usually ascending, sometimes decumbent, purplish, occasionally branched basally, sparsely villosulous, densely so distally.

1–3+, erect, slightly flexuous, simple, sparsely strigose proximally or glabrescent, densely strigose distally.

cauline (dark green abaxially, paler bluish green adaxially) firm, ± markedly veined, margins entire or serrulate, scabrous to strigoso-ciliate, teeth mucronate, slightly indurate, apices obtuse to acute, mucronate, abaxial faces glabrescent to sparsely villous along veins, adaxial glabrescent or sparsely (proximal) to ± densely (distal) villoso-strigose or strigose;

proximalmost withering by flowering;

proximal narrowly winged-petiolate or sessile, petiole bases sheathing, blades spatulate to obovate or oblanceolate, 10–43 × 2–16 mm, smaller than mid, bases attenuate to cuneate, subclasping (if sessile);

mid sessile, blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, or spatulate, 20–80 × 4–35 mm, gradually reduced distally, bases rounded or subauriculate to widely attenuate or cuneate;

distal (arrays) sessile, lanceolate to lance-ovate or elliptic to oblanceolate, 6–52 × 1–17 mm, rapidly reduced distally, margins often slightly purplish.

basal and cauline, margins crenate-serrate, teeth mucronate, margins scabrous to strigoso-ciliate, apices acute to obtuse, ± acuminate, mucronate, abaxial faces scabrous (short strigose), adaxial ± densely strigose;

basal and proximal cauline long-petiolate, petioles not to narrowly winged, sheathing, blades ovate, 50–200 × 30–120 mm, bases shallowly cordate to rounded;

cauline shortly, broadly winged-petiolate to subpetiolate or sessile, ovate or elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 13–122 × 6–55 mm, gradually reduced distally, bases auriculate, not clasping, or cuneate to winged-attenuate;

distal (arrays) sessile, obovate or oblong to lanceolate, 10–32 × 4–10 mm, bases rounded to attenuate, apices obtuse to rounded or acute.

villosulous;

bracts 0–3, lanceolate to spatulate, leaflike to distally phyllary-like (bases indurate, margins purplish), mostly foliaceous.

densely strigose, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular distally;

bracts 0–2, broad, densely strigose.

campanulate, 6–9 mm, shorter than pappi.

campanulate, 7–12 mm, shorter than pappi.

(10–)14–32;

corollas purple to violet, 7–12(–15) × 1–1.7 mm.

(7–)16–20(–30);

corollas white to lavender, 10–15 × 1.4–2.1 mm.

30–60;

corollas pale to cream-yellow, lobes pink-tinged, 5–7.6 mm, slightly ampliate, tubes equaling or slightly longer than funnelform throats, lobes erect, triangular, 0.6–1.3 mm.

20–40;

corollas pale yellow, becoming purplish-tinged on lobes, funnelform, slightly ampliate, 6–7.5 mm, tubes longer than throats, lobes spreading, lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm.

30–65 in 4–5 series, often purplish, oblong or lance-oblong (outer) to lance-linear or linear (inner), unequal, membranous, bases indurate, rounded, dark green zones diffusely diamond-shaped to lanceolate in distal 1/3–2/3 (outer, seldom foliaceous) to 1/5 or none (inner), margins ± dark purple, narrowly scarious, erose, densely villoso-ciliate, apices appressed or sometimes loose and ± squarrose, acute to obtuse, often apiculate, faces usually villous, rarely glabrous.

46–75(–90) in 5–7 series, oblong-lanceolate (outer) to linear-lanceolate (inner), strongly unequal, membranous, bases indurate, rounded (outer), green zones in distal 1/3–1/2 foliaceous (outer) or 0 (innermost), margins hyaline, narrowly scarious, erose, ciliate, apices ± squarrose or reflexed, obtuse to acute and mucronulate (outer) or acuminate (inner), faces strigoso-villous to strigillose, eglandular.

(1–)5–50, usually in open to compact, corymbiform arrays, rarely borne singly.

3–10+ in loose, flat-topped, corymbiform arrays.

brownish, fusiform-obconic, slightly compressed, ca. 3.4 mm, ribs 8–10 (pale, strong), strigillose;

pappi of cinnamon to yellowish bristles 5–6 mm, longer than disc corollas.

reddish brown to brown, fusiform, compressed, 3–4 mm, ribs 7–12, faces sparsely strigillose;

pappi of cinnamon (apically clavate) bristles, equaling disc corollas.

= 36.

= 18.