Flora of North America species comparison

1–3+, erect, coarse, villous.

1–3+, erect, straight, proximally glabrous, distally sometimes sparsely strigose, stipitate-glandular.

strongly basal and cauline, coriaceous, margins indurate, entire to remotely spinose-serrate, remotely and obscurely scabridulous, spines indurate-margined or wholly indurate, finely parallel-veined with evident midnerves, apices acute, revolute, indurate, abaxial faces glabrous;

basal and proximal cauline persistent (bases ± marcescent when leaves deciduous), petioles scarcely distinct, blades linear (grasslike), 70–350 × 3–8 mm, adaxial faces glabrous;

cauline sessile, blades linear to lance-linear, 15–130 × 1.5–7 mm, progressively reduced and more spinose distally, adaxial faces progressively more villous distally.

basal and cauline, firm, margins slightly revolute, crenate-serrate, scabrous, apices acuminate and mucronate, abaxial faces usually glabrescent to ± scabrous, sometimes ± sparsely strigose, gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, adaxial sparsely puberulent, stipitate-glandular (increasingly so distally);

basal withering by flowering, long-petiolate, petioles slightly winged, bases dilated and sheathing, sparsely ciliate, ± glandular, blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 70–120 × 40–65 mm, bases rounded to sometimes slightly oblique;

proximal cauline long-petiolate, petioles shorter and gradually more broadly winged distally, blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 55–100 × 24–65 mm, gradually reduced distally;

distal winged-petiolate to subpetiolate or sessile, blades ovate or elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 10–64 × 3–18 mm, gradually reduced distally, bases ± clasping, margins becoming entire (arrays).

± densely villous, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular distally;

bracts 0–7, appressed, lanceolate, bases ± indurate, margins spinose, adaxial faces villous.

firm, straight, 0.4–3.5 cm, sparsely strigose, densely stipitate-glandular;

bracts 0–3, oblong-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, acute, densely stipitate-glandular.

campanulo-hemispheric, 9–12 mm, slightly shorter than pappi.

campanulate, (6–)7–11 mm, shorter than pappi.

25–60;

corollas white or pinkish, coiling, 10–20 × 1–2.1 mm.

10–11;

corollas ± purple, 13.1–13.5 × 1.6–2 mm.

115–260;

corollas yellow, 5.5–7 mm, slightly ampliate, tubes shorter than tubular throats, lobes 0.75–1 mm, erect, lanceolate.

25–40;

corollas cream or light yellow, becoming pinkish, 7.6–8.5 mm, slightly ampliate, tubes longer than narrowly funnelform-campanulate throats, lobes erect, lanceolate-acuminate, 0.9–1.4 mm.

70–140 in 4–5 series, greenish, densely thick-nerved, lanceolate to linear (innermost), unequal, coriaceous, bases indurate and rounded (outer), margins entire, indurate or ± scarious, erose (inner), sometimes sparsely villoso-ciliate, ± densely stipitate-glandular, apices squarrose, green and often purplish-tinged, foliaceous, long-acuminate, adaxial faces villosulous, rarely also sparsely stipitate-glandular.

(18–)25–40 in (4–)5–6 series, appressed, lanceolate (outer) or lance-ovate to oblong or linear-oblong (inner; innermost longer than 7 mm), strongly unequal, bases indurate, rounded adaxially, dark-green zones obovate to lanceolate (inner), ca. 1/3 distal portion, margins hyaline or often purplish (inner), scarious, erose, ± ciliate, apices (at least some) reflexed, ± squarrose, or twisted, rounded to obtuse (outer) or acute (inner), abaxial faces stipitate-glandular.

1–11+, borne singly or in racemiform arrays, branches ascending to erect, stiff.

(3–)8–19+ in open, corymbiform arrays.

straw-colored, ellipsoid to obovoid, 2–3.5 mm, ribs 11–13 prominent, glabrous;

pappi of (ca. 35) orangish tan (coarse, sometimes clavellate) bristles 7.8–8.2 mm, slightly longer than disc corollas.

dark reddish brown, cylindro-fusiform, compressed, ca. 3 mm (sterile or undeveloped), ribs [not seen], faces strigillose;

pappi of tawny, (sometimes apically ± clavate) bristles 7.6–8+ mm, equaling disc corollas.

= 72.