Euphrasia stricta |
Euphrasia frigida |
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drug eyebright, euphraise dressée, stiff eyebright, strict eyebright, Tartary eyebright |
cold-weather eyebright, euphraise arctique, eyebright |
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Stems | branched, rarely simple, to 30 cm; branches 1–5 pairs, from middle and distal cauline nodes; cauline internode length 0.5–2 times subtending leaves. |
simple or branched, to 14 cm; branches 1 or 2 pairs, from middle cauline nodes; cauline internode lengths 2–3(–6) times leaves or, in very compact forms, lengths 0.5–1 times leaves. |
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Leaves | blade narrowly oblong to ovate-oblong, 2–9(–12) mm, margins serrate, teeth 1–3 pairs, apices subacute to aristate. |
blade oblanceolate to ovate, 2–9(–12) mm, margins crenate-dentate to serrate-dentate, teeth 1 or 2(–4) pairs, apices obtuse to acute. |
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Inflorescences | beginning at node (5–)7–9(–11); bracts green, sometimes purple adaxially, broader than leaves, oblong to ovate, length not more than 2 times width, 5–10 mm, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely hirsute and hairs eglandular, sometimes glandular-pubescent and hairs glandular, stalks 1- or 2-celled, 0.1–0.2 mm, teeth 4 or 5 pairs, longer than wide, apices acute, sometimes aristate. |
beginning at node 2–4; bracts green, sometimes purplish, broader than leaves, ovate to obovate, length not more than 2 times width, (2.5–)4–11(–14) mm, surfaces sparsely to moderately hirsute and glandular-pubescent and hairs glandular, stalks 1- or 2-celled, 0.1–0.2 mm, teeth 2–5 pairs, as long as or slightly longer than wide, apices subacute to acute, rarely aristate. |
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Flowers | corolla white, usually suffused with lilac, 8–10 mm, abaxial lip exceeding adaxial. |
corolla white, sometimes tinged lilac, 5–8 mm, abaxial lip exceeding adaxial. |
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Capsules | narrowly oblong, 4.5–6 mm, apex truncate to retuse. |
oblong to elliptic or obovate, 6–8 mm, apex retuse or emarginate. |
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2n | = 44. |
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Euphrasia stricta |
Euphrasia frigida |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||
Habitat | Wet or dry, rocky, grassy, or sandy places, usually coastal. | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; RI; VT; WI; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; Asia (w Siberia) [Introduced in North America]
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NL; QC; Greenland |
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (2 in the flora). Occurrence of Euphrasia stricta in Alberta is based on the report by G. C. D. Griffiths (2002); no specimen has been located. Griffiths listed E. arctica subsp. borealis as new for Alberta, but both morphological and habitat descriptions fit E. stricta more closely. If true, then this introduced species has crossed the continent; all earlier records are from eastern Canada and New England (S. R. Downie and J. McNeill 1988). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
H. W. Pugsley (1933b) chose a glandular-pubescent specimen from Greenland (Ujarasguit, Godthaabs Fjord, W. Greenland, S. Hansen s.n., 13 VIII 1885, C) as the lectotype of Euphrasia frigida, fixing application of the name E. frigida to the glandular-pubescent form with medium-sized corollas that occurs in Greenland, Newfoundland, and Quebec (P. D. Sell and P. F. Yeo 1970). See 16. E. wettsteinii for the widely distributed and circumpolar, small-flowered, eglandular form that has traditionally been treated as E. frigida (G. Gussarova 2005). Euphrasia latifolia Pursh and E. latifolia Pursh ex Wettstein, names sometimes considered to be later homonyms of E. latifolia Linnaeus and that apply here, were never formally published. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 496. | FNA vol. 17, p. 496. | ||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Euphrasia | Orobanchaceae > Euphrasia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | J. P. Wolff ex J. F. Lehmann: Prim. Lin. Fl. Herbipol., 43. (1809) | Pugsley: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 490. (1930) | ||||
Web links |