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drug eyebright, euphraise dressée, stiff eyebright, strict eyebright, Tartary eyebright

Farlow's eyebright

Stems

branched, rarely simple, to 30 cm;

branches 1–5 pairs, from middle and distal cauline nodes;

cauline internode length 0.5–2 times subtending leaves.

simple or branched, to 9(–12) cm;

branches 1–3 pairs, ascending, from basal cauline nodes;

cauline internode lengths 1–2 times subtending leaves.

Leaves

blade narrowly oblong to ovate-oblong, 2–9(–12) mm, margins serrate, teeth 1–3 pairs, apices subacute to aristate.

blade orbiculate to triangular-ovate or oval, 2–4(–6) mm, margins crenate to incised-crenate, teeth 1–4 pairs, apices obtuse to subacute.

Inflorescences

beginning at node (5–)7–9(–11);

bracts green, sometimes purple adaxially, broader than leaves, oblong to ovate, length not more than 2 times width, 5–10 mm, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely hirsute and hairs eglandular, sometimes glandular-pubescent and hairs glandular, stalks 1- or 2-celled, 0.1–0.2 mm, teeth 4 or 5 pairs, longer than wide, apices acute, sometimes aristate.

sparsely spicate, not 4-angled, beginning at node 4–6, proximal internode lengths 1–1.5 times bracts;

bracts green or suffused with purple, as broad as leaves, ovate or oval, length not more than 2 times width, 2–4 mm, base round, surfaces coarsely, densely hirsute with short-eglandular hairs, teeth 3–5 pairs, as long as wide, apices obtuse to acute, sinuses between teeth acute.

Flowers

corolla white, usually suffused with lilac, 8–10 mm, abaxial lip exceeding adaxial.

calyx lobes straight, apex acute;

corolla white or cream, rarely purple, adaxial lip lilac or purple, 2.5–4.5 mm, lips +/- equal.

Capsules

narrowly oblong, 4.5–6 mm, apex truncate to retuse.

oval to oblong or obovate, 2.5–4 mm, apex retuse to emarginate.

Euphrasia stricta

Euphrasia farlowii

Phenology Flowering mid summer–fall.
Habitat Dry, grassy habitats on sandstone or limestone barrens, rocks, ledges, sandy beaches.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; RI; VT; WI; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; Asia (w Siberia) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ME; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE
Discussion

Varieties 7 (2 in the flora).

Occurrence of Euphrasia stricta in Alberta is based on the report by G. C. D. Griffiths (2002); no specimen has been located. Griffiths listed E. arctica subsp. borealis as new for Alberta, but both morphological and habitat descriptions fit E. stricta more closely. If true, then this introduced species has crossed the continent; all earlier records are from eastern Canada and New England (S. R. Downie and J. McNeill 1988).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Euphrasia farlowii differs from E. randii by its compact growth with condensed (versus elongated) cauline internodes and growth on calcareous soils versus non-calcareous soils (G. Gussarova 2017).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Bract surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely hirsute, hairs eglandular.
var. stricta
1. Bract surfaces hairy, hairs glandular.
var. brevipila
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 496. FNA vol. 17, p. 500.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Euphrasia Orobanchaceae > Euphrasia
Sibling taxa
E. arctica, E. disjuncta, E. farlowii, E. frigida, E. hudsoniana, E. micrantha, E. mollis, E. nemorosa, E. oakesii, E. ostenfeldii, E. randii, E. salisburgensis, E. subarctica, E. suborbicularis, E. tetraquetra, E. vinacea, E. wettsteinii
E. arctica, E. disjuncta, E. frigida, E. hudsoniana, E. micrantha, E. mollis, E. nemorosa, E. oakesii, E. ostenfeldii, E. randii, E. salisburgensis, E. stricta, E. subarctica, E. suborbicularis, E. tetraquetra, E. vinacea, E. wettsteinii
Subordinate taxa
E. stricta var. brevipila, E. stricta var. stricta
Synonyms E. randii var. farlowii, E. purpurea var. farlowii
Name authority J. P. Wolff ex J. F. Lehmann: Prim. Lin. Fl. Herbipol., 43. (1809) (B. L. Robinson) Gussarova: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 11: 290. (2017)
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