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Rand's eyebright, small eyebright

arctic eyebright, subarctic eyebright

Stems

simple or branched, to 23(–40) cm;

branches 1–4(or 5) pairs, ascending, from middle and distal cauline nodes;

cauline internode lengths 1–3(–5) times subtending leaves.

simple, sometimes branched, to 30 cm;

branches 1 or 2 pairs, erect, from distal cauline nodes;

cauline internode lengths (1–)2–5 times subtending leaves.

Leaves

petiole 0–10(–13) mm;

blade long-orbiculate to triangular-ovate or oval, 2–10(–13) mm, margins crenate to incised-crenate, teeth 1–4(–6) pairs, apices obtuse to subacute.

blade oblanceolate to broadly ovate, 2–6(–11) mm, margins crenate, teeth 1–3(–5) pairs, apices obtuse to subacute.

Inflorescences

sparsely spicate, not 4-angled, beginning at node 3–7(–10);

proximal internode lengths 0.8–1.5 times bracts;

bracts green or suffused with purple, as broad as leaves, ovate or oval, length not more than 2 times width, 2–7 mm, base round, abaxial surface setulose on veins, adaxial puberulent and hairs eglandular, teeth 3–5(or 6) pairs, longer than wide, apices obtuse to acute, sinuses between teeth acute.

sparsely spicate, not 4-angled, beginning at node 3 or 4(–6);

proximal internode lengths 0.8–3(–4) times bracts;

bracts green, often purplish adaxially, broader than leaves, ovate to obovate, length not more than 2 times width, 3–10 mm, base cuneate, surfaces sparsely hirsute and hairs eglandular or +/- densely, sometimes sparsely, glandular-pilose and hairs glandular, stalks sometimes flexuous, 3–6-celled, 0.2–0.6 mm, teeth 2–6 pairs, longer than wide, apices subacute to acute, rarely aristate, sinuses between teeth acute.

Flowers

calyx lobes straight, apex acute;

corolla white or cream, abaxial lip lilac or purple, adaxial lilac, 2.5–4.5 mm, lips equal.

calyx lobes straight, apex acute;

corolla white to yellow, seldom with violet veins, 3–4 mm, lips +/- equal.

Capsules

oval to oblong or obovate, 2.5–5 mm, apex retuse to emarginate.

elliptic to oblong, (2.5–)5–6.5 mm, apex truncate to retuse.

Euphrasia randii

Euphrasia subarctica

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Damp habitats near sea, sand, salt marshes, Sphagnum marshes, hummocks, ledges, grassy slopes, non-calcareous soils. Sandy, gravelly, or damp grassy places, stream banks, shores, thickets, heathlands, tundra.
Elevation 0–600 m. (0–2000 ft.) 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
ME; NB; NL; NS; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; MT; AB; BC; MB; NT; SK; YT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Euphrasia purpurea Reeks ex Fernald & Wiegand is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The holotype (Raup & Abbe 4633, GH) fixes the name Euphrasia subarctica to individuals with long, glandular hairs. Eglandular individuals are sometimes found growing mixed together with typical, glandular E. subarctica in Alaska and northwestern Canada. Similarly, eglandular and long glandular-pubescent individuals are intermixed in populations of otherwise morphologically similar, but not identical, E. disjuncta, including the specimens of its paratype (Fernald & Wiegand 6166, CAN). Due to the clear tendency for the glandular forms to be more frequent in the west, while eglandular ones are more typical in the east, as well as other morphological differences, E. subarctica and E. disjuncta are treated as separate species here. However, it is likely that they represent a single lineage with a disjunct distribution, which could be a result of postglacial colonization from two separate refugia in western and eastern North America. Co-occurrence of glandular and eglandular states is documented in other diploids [for example, E. picta Wimmer in the Austrian Alps (P. F. Yeo 1978)]. Occasional individuals of E. subarctica with yellow corollas may be the result of introgression from E. mollis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 500. FNA vol. 17, p. 494.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Euphrasia Orobanchaceae > Euphrasia
Sibling taxa
E. arctica, E. disjuncta, E. farlowii, E. frigida, E. hudsoniana, E. micrantha, E. mollis, E. nemorosa, E. oakesii, E. ostenfeldii, E. salisburgensis, E. stricta, E. subarctica, E. suborbicularis, E. tetraquetra, E. vinacea, E. wettsteinii
E. arctica, E. disjuncta, E. farlowii, E. frigida, E. hudsoniana, E. micrantha, E. mollis, E. nemorosa, E. oakesii, E. ostenfeldii, E. randii, E. salisburgensis, E. stricta, E. suborbicularis, E. tetraquetra, E. vinacea, E. wettsteinii
Synonyms E. purpurea var. randii, E. randii var. reeksii E. arctica var. dolosa, E. disjuncta var. dolosa, E. pennellii var. incana
Name authority B. L. Robinson: Rhodora 3: 273. (1901) Raup: Rhodora 36: 87, plate 278. (1934)
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