Euphorbia thymifolia |
Euphorbia austrotexana |
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gulf sandmat |
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Habit | Herbs, annual or perennial, with taproot. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. | ||||
Stems | prostrate, mat-forming, 15–30 cm, strigose to strigose-tomentulose. |
erect, usually branched near base, 6–22 cm, glabrous. |
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Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct or slightly connate at base, linear-subulate, entire or slightly parted, 0.9–1.2 mm, strigose-tomentulose; petiole 0.5–1 mm, sparsely strigose-tomentulose; blade broadly elliptic to narrowly oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 3–10 × 1.8–5 mm, base asymmetric, one side usually angled or rounded and the other truncate and expanded into small, rounded auricle, margins serrate (larger leaves) to serrulate (smaller leaves), apex blunt to acute, abaxial surface sparsely tomentulose to glabrate, adaxial surface glabrate; palmately veined at base, pinnate distally. |
petiole absent; blade linear to slightly lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 5–18 × 0.5–2.5 mm, base linear attenuate, margins entire, apex rounded to obtuse or acute, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
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Involucre | broadly obconic, becoming distended and distorted by base of partially included capsule, 0.4–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm, strigose; glands 4, red, slightly concave, ± unequal, subcircular to broadly oval, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm; appendages white to pink, usually unequal, occasionally ± equal at distal nodes, elongated toward sinus, sometimes rudimentary, 0.1–0.4 × 0.1–0.3 mm, distal margin entire or crenulate. |
infundibular, 0.8–1.1 × 0.6–0.9 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.2–0.4 × 0.5–0.6 mm; horns divergent, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
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Staminate flowers | 3–5. |
5–10. |
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Pistillate flowers | ovary densely strigose; styles 0.4–0.5 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.3–0.5 mm, 2-fid. |
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Capsules | conic to truncate-ovoid, scarcely exserted from involucre, base often remaining inside involucre and splitting one side of it during maturation, 0.9–1.2 × 1–1.2 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; columella 0.6–1 mm. |
ovoid-globose, 1.8–2.2 × 3–3.2 mm, slightly 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth, glabrous; columella 1.5–2 mm. |
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Seeds | white, tan underneath coat, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, sharply 4-angled in cross section, 0.8–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm, with 4 low transverse ridges often slightly extending into angles, not sulcate. |
white to gray, ellipsoid, 1.4–1.7 × 1–1.3 mm, with deep, irregular to rounded, shallow to concave depressions over entire surface; caruncle reniform-ovate, depressed-conic, 0.5–0.7 × 0.7–1 mm. |
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Cyathia | usually in small, cymose clusters on congested, axillary branches; peduncle (0–)0.1–0.3 mm. |
peduncle 0–0.5 mm. |
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Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3, 1–3 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape to but slightly shorter and wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, not imbricate, reniform-ovate to subdeltate-ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, base obliquely truncate to rounded, margins entire, apex obtuse to broadly acuminate; axillary cymose branches 0–3. |
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Euphorbia thymifolia |
Euphorbia austrotexana |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting midsummer–early fall. | |||||
Habitat | Disturbed areas, often near salt water. | |||||
Elevation | 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
FL; LA; Mexico; South America; West Indies [Introduced in Asia, tropical Africa, Australia] |
TX |
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Discussion | Euphorbia thymifolia is a widespread tropical and subtropical weed. It is not certain where the species is native, but most likely it originated in the New World and then became widespread in the rest of the tropics. Euphorbia thymifolia is present in the flora area in southern Florida and coastal Louisiana, where it is likely adventive. Euphorbia thymifolia is generally similar to E. maculata but is characterized by its short pistillate pedicels and non-exserted capsules that remain largely enclosed by the involucre and by its unequal involucral gland appendages. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Euphorbia austrotexana occurs in stabilized sandy soil in the south Texas plains (M. H. Mayfield 2013). It is similar to E. longicruris but differs from that species in its often narrowly oblanceolate to linear leaves and its white to gray, ellipsoid seeds that are covered with minute, concave depressions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 291. | FNA vol. 12, p. 298. | ||||
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce thymifolia | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 454. (1753) | Mayfield: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7: 634, figs. 1, 2[row 3, left & center]. (2013) | ||||
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