Euphorbia thymifolia |
Euphorbia angusta |
|
---|---|---|
gulf sandmat |
Blackfoot sandmat, narrow-leaf spurge |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual or perennial, with taproot. | Herbs, perennial, with moderately to strongly thickened rootstock. |
Stems | prostrate, mat-forming, 15–30 cm, strigose to strigose-tomentulose. |
erect, 12–43 cm, uniformly strigose. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct or slightly connate at base, linear-subulate, entire or slightly parted, 0.9–1.2 mm, strigose-tomentulose; petiole 0.5–1 mm, sparsely strigose-tomentulose; blade broadly elliptic to narrowly oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 3–10 × 1.8–5 mm, base asymmetric, one side usually angled or rounded and the other truncate and expanded into small, rounded auricle, margins serrate (larger leaves) to serrulate (smaller leaves), apex blunt to acute, abaxial surface sparsely tomentulose to glabrate, adaxial surface glabrate; palmately veined at base, pinnate distally. |
opposite; stipules distinct, linear-subulate or nodiform to papilliform nodiform to papilliform stipules often reddish brown, 0.1–0.7 mm, strigose; petiole 0.3–1.2 mm, strigose; blade: proximal ovate to ovate-elliptic, distal linear to elliptic-linear, 7–41 × 2–5 mm, distal leaf blades more than 6 times as long as wide, base asymmetric, cuneate to rounded, margins entire, often involute on drying, apex acute, surfaces usually short strigose, occasionally glabrous adaxially; venation pinnate, only midvein conspicuous. |
Involucre | broadly obconic, becoming distended and distorted by base of partially included capsule, 0.4–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm, strigose; glands 4, red, slightly concave, ± unequal, subcircular to broadly oval, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm; appendages white to pink, usually unequal, occasionally ± equal at distal nodes, elongated toward sinus, sometimes rudimentary, 0.1–0.4 × 0.1–0.3 mm, distal margin entire or crenulate. |
turbinate to campanulate-turbinate, 1–1.5 × 1–1.4 mm, strigose; glands 4, green to yellow-green, concave, narrowly oblong, 0.2–0.4 × 0.4–0.7 mm; appendages white, flabellate, 0.5–1.1 × 0.3–0.5 mm, distal margin shallowly and irregularly toothed. |
Staminate flowers | 3–5. |
16–26. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary densely strigose; styles 0.4–0.5 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary strigose; styles 0.3–0.5 mm, 2-fid at apex to almost 1/2 length. |
Capsules | conic to truncate-ovoid, scarcely exserted from involucre, base often remaining inside involucre and splitting one side of it during maturation, 0.9–1.2 × 1–1.2 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; columella 0.6–1 mm. |
broadly ovoid, 2–2.6 × 2.5–3 mm, strigose; columella 1.6–2.2 mm. |
Seeds | white, tan underneath coat, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, sharply 4-angled in cross section, 0.8–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm, with 4 low transverse ridges often slightly extending into angles, not sulcate. |
white, ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, 1.7–2.2 × 1.1–1.2 mm, transversely low-ridged or wrinkled. |
Cyathia | usually in small, cymose clusters on congested, axillary branches; peduncle (0–)0.1–0.3 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 1.1–2.4 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Euphorbia thymifolia |
Euphorbia angusta |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting midsummer–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting early spring–fall. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, often near salt water. | Rocky limestone soils. |
Elevation | 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | 400–1200 m. (1300–3900 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; LA; Mexico; South America; West Indies [Introduced in Asia, tropical Africa, Australia] |
TX; Mexico (Coahuila) |
Discussion | Euphorbia thymifolia is a widespread tropical and subtropical weed. It is not certain where the species is native, but most likely it originated in the New World and then became widespread in the rest of the tropics. Euphorbia thymifolia is present in the flora area in southern Florida and coastal Louisiana, where it is likely adventive. Euphorbia thymifolia is generally similar to E. maculata but is characterized by its short pistillate pedicels and non-exserted capsules that remain largely enclosed by the involucre and by its unequal involucral gland appendages. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia angusta, which in the flora area is known from the trans-Pecos region to the Edwards Plateau, is easily recognized by its erect habit, linear leaves, and relatively showy involucral gland appendages with toothed margins. The species is closely related to E. acuta and the Mexican endemic E. johnstonii Mayfield (M. H. Mayfield 1991); it is not only morphologically distinctive but is also the only species in sect. Anisophyllum with C3 photosynthesis (R. F. Sage et al. 2011; T. L. Sage et al. 2011; G. L. Webster 1975). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 291. | FNA vol. 12, p. 260. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce thymifolia | Chamaesyce angusta |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 454. (1753) | Engelmann: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 189. (1859) |
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