Euphorbia setiloba |
Euphorbia serrata |
|
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fringe spurge, shaggy spurge, Yuma sandmat |
saw tooth spurge, saw-tooth or tooth or serrate spurge, serrate spurge |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, with slender taproot. | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. |
Stems | prostrate, mat-forming, 5–50 cm, villous with glistening glandular hairs. |
erect, branched, 10–70 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct, filiform, rudimentary to 0.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely villous with glistening glandular hairs; petiole 0.5–1.5 mm, villous; blade oblong, ovate, or elliptic, 3–7 × 2–4 mm, base asymmetric, rounded, margins entire, apex obtuse, surfaces villous; weakly 3-veined from base, commonly only midvein conspicuous. |
petiole absent; blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, linear, or linear-lanceolate, 10–70 × 2–20 mm, base acute or obtuse, margins irregularly serrate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous; venation inconspicuous, only midvein prominent. |
Involucre | campanulate or urceolate, 0.7–1 × 0.5–0.8 mm, villous; glands 4, red to pink, oblong to slightly reniform, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm; appendages white to pink, deeply incised into 3–6 triangular to subulate, attenuate, acute segments, 0.3–0.6 × 0.6–1 mm, segments entire. |
campanulate, 2–4 × 1.2–3 mm, glabrous; glands 4–5, elliptic, ovate, or suborbiculate, 1.2–1.8 × 1.5–2.7 mm; horns absent or slightly divergent, 0–0.6 mm. |
Staminate flowers | 3–7. |
20–40. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary villous; styles 0.3–0.4 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 1–2 mm, 2-fid. |
Capsules | subglobose to ovoid, 1–1.2 mm diam., villous; columella 0.9–1.1 mm. |
subovoid, 4.5–6 × 4–5 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth occasionally slightly puncticulate, glabrous; columella 4–4.5 mm. |
Seeds | pink to light gray, narrowly ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, 0.8–1 × 0.5–0.6 mm, dimpled or with faint transverse ridges that do not pass through abaxial keel. |
grayish, cylindric, 2.5–3.1 × 1.7–2 mm, smooth or slightly dotted; caruncle subconic, lobed, 1–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm. |
Cyathia | solitary at distal nodes, nodes often congested toward tips of branches; peduncle 0.2–1.6 mm. |
peduncle 1–5 mm. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 1–3 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate-lanceolate, usually shorter and wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, ovate or deltate, base obtuse to cordate, margins irregularly dentate, apex acute, or obtuse, mucronate; axillary cymose branches 0–3. |
|
Euphorbia setiloba |
Euphorbia serrata |
|
Phenology | Flowering nearly year-round in response to sufficient moisture. | Flowering and fruiting spring–fall. |
Habitat | Desert scrub, blackbrush scrub, Joshua tree woodlands, grasslands, often in sandy areas. | Waste places, disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, pastures. |
Elevation | 20–1600 m. (100–5200 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; TX; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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CA; Europe; Atlantic Islands (Macaronesia) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Euphorbia serrata, native to the western Mediterranean region of Europe and Macaronesia, is listed as a noxious weed by the state of California. In the flora area, it has been found in coastal counties from Sonoma to Monterey counties; attempts to eradicate it may have been successful. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 288. | FNA vol. 12, p. 309. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce setiloba | Galarhoeus serratus, Tithymalus serratus |
Name authority | Engelmann: in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 5(2): 364. (1857) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 459. (1753) |
Web links |