Flora of North America species comparison

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Euphorbia serpens

Euphorbia jejuna

creeping spurge, Matted sandmat, Matted spurge, round-leafed spurge

dwarf broomspurge
Habit Herbs, annual, with slender taproot. Herbs, perennial, with woody or fibrous-fleshy, napiform, branched or tuberous taproot, 3–15 mm thick.
Stems

prostrate, frequently mat-forming and rooting at nodes, 15–50 cm, glabrous.

ascending to erect, densely emerging from woody crown, 5–15 cm, glabrous.
Leaves

opposite;

stipules connate into conspicuous, deltate scale, white to pink, membranaceous, 0.5–1(–1.2) mm, glabrous;

petiole less than 1 mm, glabrous;

blade ovate, oblong or orbiculate, 2–7(–9) × 2–6 mm, base asymmetric, rounded to subcordate, margins entire, apex rounded, surfaces without red blotch, glabrous; usually only midvein conspicuous.

opposite;

stipules connate into lacerate or 2-fid, lanceolate or deltate scale, 0.5–0.9 mm, glabrous;

petiole 0.3–0.9 mm, glabrous;

blade orbiculate-obovate, ovate, or elliptic, 3–6(–8) × 1.8–5 mm, base moderately asymmetric, rounded to truncate, margins entire, apex blunt to acute, surfaces glabrous; 2–3-veined from base but usually only midvein conspicuous.
Involucre

campanulate to turbinate, 0.3–0.7(–1) × 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous;

glands 4, yellow, oblong, 0.1 × 0.2 mm;

appendages white to pinkish, equal, forming narrow rim at edge of gland, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm, distal margin entire or crenulate.

broadly campanulate, 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, glabrous;

glands 4, yellowish to green or purplish, oblong, 0.2–0.4 × 0.5–1 mm;

appendages erect or spreading, white, 0.3–0.6 × 0.8–1.2 mm, usually deeply dissected into 4–5 acuminate lobes, rarely undivided, when divided distal margin rarely entire or crenate.
Staminate flowers

5–10.

12–35.
Pistillate flowers

ovary glabrous;

styles 0.2 mm, 2-fid 1/2 to nearly entire length.

ovary glabrous;

styles 0.4–0.5 mm, unbranched thickened-clavate.
Capsules

broadly ovoid, oblate, or subglobose, 1.3–1.4 × 1.3–1.7 mm, glabrous;

columella (0.9–)1–1.2 mm.

ovoid and broadly triangular, 1.8–2.2(–2.7) × 1.5–2.1 mm, glabrous;

columella 1.5–2.2 mm.
Seeds

white to gray or light pink, ovoid, bluntly 3–4-angled in cross section, 0.7–1.1 × 0.4–0.7 mm, smooth.

whitish, oblong, 4-angled in cross section, adaxial faces concave, with long raphe between, 1.5–2(–2.3) × 0.6–0.8 mm, dimpled with faint irregular transverse wrinkles or with up to 10 low, rounded transverse ridges.
Cyathia

solitary at distal nodes;

peduncle 0.5–1(–2.5) mm.

solitary at distal nodes;

peduncle 0.8–1.5 mm.

Euphorbia serpens

Euphorbia jejuna
Phenology Flowering and fruiting year-round (in warmer areas) or summer (in temperate regions). Flowering and fruiting early spring–summer.
Habitat Mostly sandy or well-drained soils, desert scrub, coastal scrub, chaparral, oak and juniper woodlands, sand dunes, riparian forests, mesquite grasslands, prairies, coniferous and deciduous hardwood forests, disturbed areas. Thin calcareous soils (caliche) on limestone hills.
Elevation 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) 500–900 m. (1600–3000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MI; MO; MS; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VT; WY; ON; SK; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda [Introduced in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Euphorbia serpens is one of the most widespread species of the genus in the New World. While it may be indigenous to a portion of the flora area, probably in the warmer, southern part of its range, it is weedy and has likely been introduced in many parts of the flora area, such as Canada and the eastern United States. It is also widely distributed in the Old World, where it is certainly introduced. The strictly prostrate habit with stems rooting at the nodes is characteristic. Euphorbia serpens is often confused with E. albomarginata, a species distributed in the southwestern United States; in addition to the features mentioned in the key, an easy and reliable way to distinguish between them is by the size of the involucral gland appendages: those of E. albomarginata are conspicuous to the naked eye, whereas those of E. serpens are inconspicuous.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Euphorbia jejuna is known in the flora area from only a few collections in Mitchell, Nolan, Terrell, and Val Verde counties. The species is very similar to E. astyla, but differs in its more deeply divided involucral gland appendages and more definitely petiolate, rounder leaves.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 286. FNA vol. 12, p. 274.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum
Sibling taxa
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana
Synonyms Chamaesyce serpens Chamaesyce jejuna
Name authority Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2(fol.): 41; 2(qto.): 52. (1817) M. C. Johnston & Warnock: SouthW. Naturalist 5: 97, fig. [p. 98]. (1960)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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