Euphorbia serpens |
Euphorbia acuta |
|
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creeping spurge, Matted sandmat, Matted spurge, round-leafed spurge |
point sandmat |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, with slender taproot. | Herbs, perennial, with strongly thickened rootstock. |
Stems | prostrate, frequently mat-forming and rooting at nodes, 15–50 cm, glabrous. |
ascending to erect, 5–30 cm, uniformly and densely canescent or sericeous. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules connate into conspicuous, deltate scale, white to pink, membranaceous, 0.5–1(–1.2) mm, glabrous; petiole less than 1 mm, glabrous; blade ovate, oblong or orbiculate, 2–7(–9) × 2–6 mm, base asymmetric, rounded to subcordate, margins entire, apex rounded, surfaces without red blotch, glabrous; usually only midvein conspicuous. |
opposite; stipules deciduous, sometimes appearing absent, distinct, brown, linear-subulate, thin, 0.3–0.8 mm, canescent; petiole 0.4–1.2 mm, moderately to densely canescent; blade ovate to lanceolate, 6–20 × 3–8 mm, base subsymmetric, rounded to cuneate, margins entire, strongly involute, apex long-acuminate, spinulose, abaxial surface canescent to densely sericeous, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely canescent; 3-veined from base but only midvein conspicuous. |
Involucre | campanulate to turbinate, 0.3–0.7(–1) × 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous; glands 4, yellow, oblong, 0.1 × 0.2 mm; appendages white to pinkish, equal, forming narrow rim at edge of gland, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm, distal margin entire or crenulate. |
turbinate to urceolate, 2–2.6 × 1.7–2.5 mm, villous to lanate; glands 4, yellow-green to orange or red, slightly concave, oblong-elliptic, 0.2–0.4 × 0.6–1.5 mm; appendages white, flabellate, 1.1–2.1 × 0.2–0.6 mm, distal margin shallowly and irregularly toothed. |
Staminate flowers | 5–10. |
20–25. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.2 mm, 2-fid 1/2 to nearly entire length. |
ovary strigose, pubescent to villous; styles 0.6–0.9 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
Capsules | broadly ovoid, oblate, or subglobose, 1.3–1.4 × 1.3–1.7 mm, glabrous; columella (0.9–)1–1.2 mm. |
subglobose to broadly ovoid, 2.8–3.7 mm diam., strigose, pubescent to villous; columella 2.3–3 mm. |
Seeds | white to gray or light pink, ovoid, bluntly 3–4-angled in cross section, 0.7–1.1 × 0.4–0.7 mm, smooth. |
white, ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, 2.2–2.6 × 1.1–1.4 mm, smooth to finely reticulate. |
Cyathia | solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.5–1(–2.5) mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 1.3–3.2 mm. |
2n | = 28, 48, 56. |
|
Euphorbia serpens |
Euphorbia acuta |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting year-round (in warmer areas) or summer (in temperate regions). | Flowering and fruiting spring–fall. |
Habitat | Mostly sandy or well-drained soils, desert scrub, coastal scrub, chaparral, oak and juniper woodlands, sand dunes, riparian forests, mesquite grasslands, prairies, coniferous and deciduous hardwood forests, disturbed areas. | Desert scrub, grasslands, oak-juniper savannas, limestone, rocky, sandy, or clay soils. |
Elevation | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) | 400–1900 m. (1300–6200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MI; MO; MS; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VT; WY; ON; SK; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda [Introduced in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia]
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NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila) |
Discussion | Euphorbia serpens is one of the most widespread species of the genus in the New World. While it may be indigenous to a portion of the flora area, probably in the warmer, southern part of its range, it is weedy and has likely been introduced in many parts of the flora area, such as Canada and the eastern United States. It is also widely distributed in the Old World, where it is certainly introduced. The strictly prostrate habit with stems rooting at the nodes is characteristic. Euphorbia serpens is often confused with E. albomarginata, a species distributed in the southwestern United States; in addition to the features mentioned in the key, an easy and reliable way to distinguish between them is by the size of the involucral gland appendages: those of E. albomarginata are conspicuous to the naked eye, whereas those of E. serpens are inconspicuous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia acuta is easily distinguished in the field by its relatively large, strongly involute, hairy, and acutely pointed leaves. The name Euphorbia acuta Engelmann has been proposed for conservation against the earlier name E. acuta Bellardi ex Colla (P. E. Berry et al. 2011). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 286. | FNA vol. 12, p. 259. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce serpens | Chamaesyce acuta, E. acuta var. stenophylla, E. georgei |
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2(fol.): 41; 2(qto.): 52. (1817) | Engelmann: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 189. (1859) — name proposed for conservation |
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