Euphorbia radians |
Euphorbia prostrata |
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sun spurge |
blue weed, ground spurge, prostrate sandmat, prostrate spurge or sandmat |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, with moniliform tuberous rootstock. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect, 5–20(–30) cm, usually glabrous, occasionally puberulent; branches ± straight. |
prostrate to decumbent, usually not mat-forming, 10–30 cm, crisped-villous to glabrate (proximally). |
Leaves | alternate; petiole 0–2 mm, glabrous or strigose; blade linear-lanceolate to ovate or broadly elliptic, 25–50 × 3–20 mm, unlobed, base rounded (tapered to petiole), margins with few glandular teeth, strigillose, flat to revolute, apex acute, abaxial surface coarsely strigose, adaxial surface strigose-hirsute; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
opposite; stipules connate (lower side) or distinct (upper side), triangular-subulate, often lacerate distally, 0.5–1 mm, short crisped-villous to glabrate; petiole 0.5–1.5 mm, usually short crisped-villous, sometimes wooly at distal nodes; blade broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, ovate-spatulate, or ovate, 3–11(–15) × 3–6(–8) mm, base slightly asymmetric, rounded to slightly cordate and oblique, margins serrulate at least in distal 1/2, sometimes obscurely so, apex obtuse, abaxial surface finely crisped-villous, adaxial surface usually glabrous or glabrate, sometimes sparsely crisped-villous; 3-veined from base. |
Involucre | broadly globose-cupulate, 1.7–2.1 × 2.2–2.5 mm, glabrous or puberulent; involucral lobes divided into triangular segments; glands 1–4(–5), white, sessile and broadly attached, 1.1 × 1.4 mm, opening oblong, glabrous; appendages absent. |
obconic, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5 mm, crisped-villous or glabrous; glands 4, reddish, oval to oblong, 0.1 × 0.1–0.2 mm; appendages white to pink, rudimentary, 0–0.2 mm, distal margin entire or irregularly scalloped. |
Staminate flowers | 20–25. |
3–6. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous or puberulent, styles 3–4 mm, 2-fid 1/2 to nearly entire length. |
ovary densely crisped-villous; styles 0.1 mm, 2-fid nearly entire length. |
Capsules | depressed-globose, 3.8–5 × 4–5 mm, 3-lobed, glabrous or puberulent; columella 3.6–4.5 mm. |
broadly ovoid, 1.2–2 × 1.4–1.5 mm, crisped-villous along keels and toward base, often glabrous between keels; columella 1–1.2 mm. |
Seeds | white, mottled brown to gray, ellipsoid, rounded in cross section, 4–4.6 × 2.4–3.2 mm, smoothly and broadly pitted or grooved; caruncle 0.1 mm. |
white but with barely concealed brown surface beneath, ovoid, sharply 4-angled in cross section, abaxial faces plane to convex, adaxial faces concave, 0.8–1.1 × 0.5–0.7 mm, with several narrow, sharp, slightly irregular, transverse ridges. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches usually 3, occasionally reduced to congested cyme, 1–2-branched (often highly condensed); pleiochasial bracts 6–8(–10), as tight involucrate whorl, wholly white to pale pink or red, usually narrower than distal leaves; dichasial bracts linear and highly reduced. |
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Cyathia | peduncle 2–5.5 mm. |
solitary or in small, cymose clusters at distal nodes or on congested, axillary branches; peduncle 1–2 mm. |
2n | = 18. |
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Euphorbia radians |
Euphorbia prostrata |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting early spring–fall. |
Habitat | Pinyon-juniper woodlands, oak savannas, desert grasslands and scrub. | Disturbed areas, fields, gardens, sidewalks, sandy places, ballast piles. |
Elevation | 700–2500 m. (2300–8200 ft.) | 0–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; TX; Mexico
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NM; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WV; WY; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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Discussion | Euphorbia radians is widely distributed but scattered from the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts south to Oaxaca in Mexico. The species is distinct among species in sect. Poinsettia in the flora area in its precocious habit, often flowering before the leaves emerge. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia prostrata is native to tropical America and possibly into the southern part of the flora area. It is likely adventive throughout most of the northern part of its range. It is widely naturalized throughout much of the rest of the tropics. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 324. | FNA vol. 12, p. 285. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Poinsettia | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Poinsettia radians | Chamaesyce prostrata |
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 8. (1839) | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 2: 139. (1789) |
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