Euphorbia polygonifolia |
Euphorbia gracillima |
|
---|---|---|
dune spurge, euphorbe à feuilles de renouée, seaside sandmat, seaside spurge |
Mexican sandmat |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, with taproot. | Herbs, annual, with slender taproot. |
Stems | usually prostrate, occasionally ascending, 5–30 cm, glabrous. |
erect to ascending, 5–25 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules usually distinct, occasionally connate basally (distal portion of stem), triangular-subulate, entire or divided, 0.8–1.5 mm, glabrous; petiole 1–3 mm, glabrous; blade oblong, linear-oblong, or linear-lanceolate, 5–16 × 2–4 mm, base slightly asymmetric, obtuse or subcordate, margins entire, apex obtuse, often mucronulate, surfaces uniformly green or reddish tinged, glabrous; venation obscure. |
opposite; stipules distinct, subulate-filiform, entire, 0.3–0.5 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.4–0.9 mm, glabrous; blade narrowly oblong to linear, often slightly falcate, 2–15 × 0.3–0.8 mm, base symmetric to subsymmetric, rounded to attenuate, margins entire, thickened and often revolute, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous; only midvein conspicuous. |
Involucre | obconic-campanulate, 1.2–1.7 × 1–1.4 mm, glabrous; glands 4, occasionally rudimentary, green-yellow to tan or orange-tinged, occasionally shortly stipitate, usually broadly oval to subcircular, sometimes figure eight-shaped, shallowly cupped, 0.1–0.3 × 0.2–0.4 mm; appendages absent or rudimentary. |
turbinate, 0.4–0.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous; glands 4, yellow to pink, oblong to slightly reniform, (0–)0.1–1 × 0.1–0.2 mm; appendages white to pink, ovate to oblong, 0.2–0.4 × 0.1–0.3 mm, distal margin usually entire, rarely emarginate. |
Staminate flowers | 5–14. |
5–12. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.1–0.2 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
Capsules | broadly ovoid, 3–3.5(–4) × (2–)2.4–3 mm, glabrous; columella 2–3 mm. |
broadly ovoid, 1.1–1.4 mm diam., glabrous; columella 0.8–1.1 mm. |
Seeds | ashy white, wedge-shaped to slightly ovoid, weakly dorsiventrally compressed and elliptic-terete to bluntly subangled in cross section, back strongly rounded, face slightly rounded, (2–)2.2–2.8 × 1.6–1.9 mm, smooth or minutely pitted, with smooth brown line from top to bottom on adaxial side. |
orange to tan or reddish brown, narrowly ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm, smooth. |
Cyathia | solitary or in small, cymose clusters at distal nodes; peduncle 0.5–5 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.1–0.9 mm. |
Euphorbia polygonifolia |
Euphorbia gracillima |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting early summer–fall. | Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Sandy maritime and freshwater beaches and foredunes. | Rocky slopes and dry washes in desert scrub. |
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | 600–900 m. (2000–3000 ft.) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; VA; WI; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
|
AZ; Mexico (Chihuahua, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora) |
Discussion | Euphorbia polygonifolia is native to coastal beaches and dunes along the Atlantic Ocean from the maritime provinces of Canada south to northern Florida. The species also occurs disjunctly along the shores of the North American Great Lakes. Euphorbia polygonifolia was native to Quebec but is now considered extirpated from the province. It has apparently been introduced in Europe, but it is unclear if it has persisted there (L. C. Wheeler 1941). Immature individuals of this species can be somewhat difficult to distinguish from E. bombensis where their ranges overlap (Virginia to northern Florida). Where they occur together, E. polygonifolia tends to be a pioneer species on the upper beach and foredune front, whereas E. bombensis tends to inhabit areas behind the foredune (R. D. Porcher and D. A. Rayner 2002). Euphorbia polygonifolia can be distinguished also by its larger capsules and larger, wedge-shaped to slightly ovoid seeds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia gracillima occurs from south-central Arizona (Pima and Pinal counties) south through northwestern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 284. | FNA vol. 12, p. 270. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce polygonifolia | Chamaesyce gracillima |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 455. (1753) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 438. (1886) |
Web links |