Euphorbia polycarpa |
Euphorbia pinetorum |
|
---|---|---|
smallseed sandmat |
pineland spurge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, with thickened, woody taproot. | |
Stems | erect, 30–100 cm, glabrous; branches ± straight. |
|
Leaves | usually alternate, occasionally opposite proximally; petiole 0–1.5 mm, glabrous; blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, base long-attenuate, 30–120 × 2.5–5 mm, margins usually entire, occasionally with few inconspicuous teeth, revolute, apex narrowly acute, surfaces glabrous; venation obscurely pinnate, midvein prominent. |
|
Involucre | campanulate, 1.5–1.9 × 1.4–1.7 mm, glabrous; involucral lobes divided into broad, triangular segments; glands 3(–5), red to purple, sessile and broadly attached, 0.8–1.1 × 1.2–1.6 mm, opening oblong (flattened without pressing), without annular rim, glabrous; appendages absent. |
|
Staminate flowers | 8–12. |
|
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 1.5 mm, 2-fid nearly entire length. |
|
Capsules | purpurescent, depressed-globose, 2.8–3.2 × 3.6–4 mm, 3-lobed, glabrous; columella 2.6–2.9 mm. |
|
Seeds | dark brown, cylindric-ovoid to ovoid, rounded in cross section, 2.1–2.4 × 2 mm, uniformly low-tuberculate, tubercles in median, transverse ridge; caruncle absent. |
|
Euphorbia | polycarpa is a highly variable species distributed throughout the Baja California peninsula, eastern Sonora, and the arid southwestern United States from southwestern Arizona to southern Nevada and central California. |
|
l | . |
|
c | . |
|
Wheeler | (1941) divided the species into seven varieties, the majority of which occur in Baja California Sur. |
|
He | reported two of these for the United States: var. hirtella and var. polycarpa. |
|
Variety | hirtella, as the name suggests, was applied to hairy plants. |
|
However | , it is here treated as a synonym of var. polycarpa, because variation in pubescence shows no geographic segregation and ranges along a continuum from glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, and because glabrous and hairy branches can occur on the same individual. |
|
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal monochasial or dichasial branches 1–2, unbranched; pleiochasial bracts 2–3, often whorled, wholly purpurescent green or pink at base, similar in shape and size to distal leaves or slightly narrower; dichasial bracts highly reduced. |
|
Cyathia | peduncle 1.5–3 mm. |
|
Euphorbia polycarpa |
Euphorbia pinetorum |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting year-round. | |
Habitat | Sandy soils in pinelands. | |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; nw Mexico
|
FL |
Discussion | Varieties 5 (1 in the flora). Some of the varieties occurring in Mexico are highly divergent and appear to be sufficiently distinct to merit recognition as species. However, within the flora area, Euphorbia polycarpa is relatively uniform, and the only noteworthy variation involves the size of the involucral gland appendages. In the portion of the California Floristic Province occupied by E. polycarpa (Los Angeles, Orange, western Riverside, western San Diego, and Ventura counties) the appendages are conspicuously larger than those of plants throughout the remainder of its range in the southwestern United States (0.4–1.2 versus 0.1–0.3 mm). Large-appendaged plants are also common in Baja California and correspond well with the type collection. The taxonomic significance of this variation is not clear at this time, and the small-appendaged plants may merit segregation as an infraspecific taxon. However, no formal changes are proposed, awaiting a comprehensive review of the species throughout its range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia pinetorum has a restricted distribution in southern peninsular Florida, primarily in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. The species is very similar to narrow-leaved forms of the closely related E. cyathophora but differs in its perennial habit, consistently unlobed leaves, and purpurescent involucral glands and cyathia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 283. | FNA vol. 12, p. 323. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Poinsettia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce polycarpa | Poinsettia pinetorum |
Name authority | Bentham: Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 50. (1844) | (Small) G. L. Webster: J. Arnold Arbor. 48: 403. (1967) |
Web links |