Euphorbia polycarpa |
Euphorbia meganaesos |
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smallseed sandmat |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, with taproot. | |
Stems | prostrate to ascending, drooping at tips, 15–30 cm, glabrous. |
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Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct, divided nearly to base into linear-filiform segments, 1–2 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.5–1.3 mm, glabrous; blade narrowly oblong to oblong-obovate, often ± falcate, 5–16 × 1–4.5 mm, base subsymmetric to strongly oblique, margins sparsely spinulose-serrulate, apex rounded or broadly acute, abaxial surface pale grayish green, adaxial surface sometimes with reddish streak along midvein, both surfaces not papillate, glabrous; 3–5-veined at base. |
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Involucre | obconic, 0.7–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous; glands 4, green to yellow-green, subequal, oblong, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm; appendages white to reddish tinged, lunate to oblong, 0.1–0.3 × 0.3–0.5 mm (2 ± 2 times longer than other 2), entire or coarsely toothed. |
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Staminate flowers | 2–5. |
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Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.2–0.3 mm, 2-fid at apex to nearly 1/2 length. |
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Capsules | ovoid, cocci not elongated nor terminating in empty portion, 1.5 × 1.7 mm, glabrous; columella 1.3 mm. |
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Seeds | reddish brown to brown, pyramidal to oblong-ovoid, weakly 4-angled in cross section, 0.9–1 × 0.7 mm, minutely beaded, with 3–4 broad, rounded, transverse ridges that do not interrupt abaxial keel. |
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Euphorbia | polycarpa is a highly variable species distributed throughout the Baja California peninsula, eastern Sonora, and the arid southwestern United States from southwestern Arizona to southern Nevada and central California. |
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l | . |
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c | . |
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Wheeler | (1941) divided the species into seven varieties, the majority of which occur in Baja California Sur. |
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He | reported two of these for the United States: var. hirtella and var. polycarpa. |
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Variety | hirtella, as the name suggests, was applied to hairy plants. |
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However | , it is here treated as a synonym of var. polycarpa, because variation in pubescence shows no geographic segregation and ranges along a continuum from glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, and because glabrous and hairy branches can occur on the same individual. |
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Cyathia | solitary at distal nodes or on congested, axillary branches; peduncle 0.1–0.4 mm. |
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Euphorbia polycarpa |
Euphorbia meganaesos |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting late spring–late summer. | |
Habitat | Sandy beaches, edges of marshes, coastal prairies, roadsides. | |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; nw Mexico
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LA; TX |
Discussion | Varieties 5 (1 in the flora). Some of the varieties occurring in Mexico are highly divergent and appear to be sufficiently distinct to merit recognition as species. However, within the flora area, Euphorbia polycarpa is relatively uniform, and the only noteworthy variation involves the size of the involucral gland appendages. In the portion of the California Floristic Province occupied by E. polycarpa (Los Angeles, Orange, western Riverside, western San Diego, and Ventura counties) the appendages are conspicuously larger than those of plants throughout the remainder of its range in the southwestern United States (0.4–1.2 versus 0.1–0.3 mm). Large-appendaged plants are also common in Baja California and correspond well with the type collection. The taxonomic significance of this variation is not clear at this time, and the small-appendaged plants may merit segregation as an infraspecific taxon. However, no formal changes are proposed, awaiting a comprehensive review of the species throughout its range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia meganaesos is known only from coastal areas of southern Louisiana and adjacent Texas. This species was often considered conspecific with E. maculata in the past, but it differs from that species in being entirely glabrous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 283. | FNA vol. 12, p. 276. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
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Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce polycarpa | |
Name authority | Bentham: Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 50. (1844) | Featherman: Rep. (Annual) Board Supervisors Louisiana State Seminary Learning Military Acad. 1870: 71, 105. (1871) |
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