Euphorbia polycarpa |
Euphorbia lurida |
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smallseed sandmat |
woodland spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. | |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched, sometimes sinuous, 5–30 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent. |
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Leaves | petiole 0–1 mm; blade oblanceolate to obovate, 8–20 mm × 3–7 mm, base truncate or cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, minutely mucronate, surfaces puberulent or glabrous; venation inconspicuous, only midvein prominent. |
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Involucre | cupulate, 2–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous; glands 4, oblong to broadly ovate, usually truncate, 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.6 mm, margins irregularly crenate to strongly dentate; horns absent or usually divergent or straight, 0.1–0.3 mm, usually slightly longer than, occasionally equaling, teeth on gland margin. |
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Staminate flowers | 10–20. |
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Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous or puberulent; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid. |
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Capsules | ovoid, 3.5–4 × 4–4.5 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth to slightly rugose, glabrous; columella 3.2–3.5 mm. |
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Seeds | gray to dark gray, truncate-oblong to truncate-ovoid, 2.8–3 × 1.7–2 mm, irregularly pitted; caruncle conic, 0.6 × 0.7 mm. |
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Euphorbia | polycarpa is a highly variable species distributed throughout the Baja California peninsula, eastern Sonora, and the arid southwestern United States from southwestern Arizona to southern Nevada and central California. |
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l | . |
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c | . |
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Wheeler | (1941) divided the species into seven varieties, the majority of which occur in Baja California Sur. |
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He | reported two of these for the United States: var. hirtella and var. polycarpa. |
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Variety | hirtella, as the name suggests, was applied to hairy plants. |
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However | , it is here treated as a synonym of var. polycarpa, because variation in pubescence shows no geographic segregation and ranges along a continuum from glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, and because glabrous and hairy branches can occur on the same individual. |
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Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 1–4 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate to broadly ovate or oblanceolate, wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rounded, oblanceolate, or subreniform, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, slightly mucronate; axillary cymose branches 0–4. |
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Cyathia | peduncle 0.3–0.9 mm. |
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Euphorbia polycarpa |
Euphorbia lurida |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | |
Habitat | Open pine-oak forests, dry slopes and canyons. | |
Elevation | 1300–2800 m. (4300–9200 ft.) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; nw Mexico
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AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Varieties 5 (1 in the flora). Some of the varieties occurring in Mexico are highly divergent and appear to be sufficiently distinct to merit recognition as species. However, within the flora area, Euphorbia polycarpa is relatively uniform, and the only noteworthy variation involves the size of the involucral gland appendages. In the portion of the California Floristic Province occupied by E. polycarpa (Los Angeles, Orange, western Riverside, western San Diego, and Ventura counties) the appendages are conspicuously larger than those of plants throughout the remainder of its range in the southwestern United States (0.4–1.2 versus 0.1–0.3 mm). Large-appendaged plants are also common in Baja California and correspond well with the type collection. The taxonomic significance of this variation is not clear at this time, and the small-appendaged plants may merit segregation as an infraspecific taxon. However, no formal changes are proposed, awaiting a comprehensive review of the species throughout its range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia lurida has been treated as a complex of several taxa in the past, but only a single, broadly-defined species is recognized here. This species is variable in both the pubescence and shape of the bracts subtending the cyathia and also in the degree of crenation of the gland margin. In the northern part of its range, E. lurida appears to intergrade with E. brachycera, and it can be difficult to distinguish these two species in northern Arizona and New Mexico. A report of the species from Sonora, Mexico, based on a single immature collection (V. W. Steinmann and R. S. Felger 1997) has not been verified. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 283. | FNA vol. 12, p. 305. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce polycarpa | E. palmeri, E. palmeri var. subpubens, E. subpubens, Tithymalus luridus, T. palmeri, T. subpubens |
Name authority | Bentham: Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 50. (1844) | Engelmann: in J. C. Ives, Rep. Colorado R. 4: 26. (1861) |
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