Euphorbia oblongata |
Euphorbia pergamena |
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Balkan spurge, egg-leaf spurge, oblong spurge |
rocklands spurge, Southern Florida sandmat |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, with woody taproot. | Herbs, perennial, with moderately to strongly thickened rootstock. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or densely branching, 80 cm, often densely villous (especially young stems and pleiochasial branches). |
prostrate to ascending, occasionally mat-forming, terete to slightly flattened, 5–18 cm, glabrous on lower surface, strigillose to sericeous on upper surface. |
Leaves | petiole absent; blade oblong to narrowly obovate or lanceolate, 15–70 × 6–25 mm, base rounded or truncate, margins finely serrulate, apex obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; venation inconspicuously pinnate, midvein prominent. |
opposite; stipules distinct, subulate, better developed on lower side of stem, 0.4–1.3 mm, glabrous or pilose; petiole 0.3–0.5 mm, puberulent, sericeous, or strigillose; blade oblong to ovate, 4–7 × 2–4 mm, base asymmetric, hemicordate, larger side sometimes amplexicaulous, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse, surfaces puberulent, sericeous, or strigillose; 3-veined from base, lateral veins inconspicuous. |
Involucre | cupulate to slightly turbinate, 1.5–2.5 × 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous; glands 2–3, elliptic, 0.6–0.8 × 0.8–1.2 mm; horns absent. |
campanulate, 1–1.3 × 1–1.1 mm, canescent; glands 4, pinkish, oblong or reniform, 0.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm; appendages white to pink, lunate, unequal, those of proximal glands oblique, 0.6–1 × 1.4–1.6 mm, those of distal glands symmetric, 0.3 × 0.8–0.9 mm, irregularly undulate to incised. |
Staminate flowers | 15–40. |
15. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 1.5–2 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary puberulent, sericeous or strigillose; styles 0.5–1 mm, 2-fid at apex. |
Capsules | globose, 3–4.5 × 3–4.5 mm, slightly 3-lobed; cocci rounded, verrucose-tuberculate, glabrous; columella 2.5–3.3 mm. |
oblate, well exserted from involucre at maturity, 1–1.3 × 1.3–1.8 mm, puberulent, sericeous or strigillose; columella 1 mm. |
Seeds | brown, ovoid, 2.4–2.6 × 1.3–2 mm, smooth, caruncle reniform, 0.2–0.3 × 0.8–0.9 mm. |
whitish to gray, ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, 0.7–0.8 × 0.5–0.6 mm, with 3–4 transverse sulci alternating with low transverse ridges. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 2–3 times 2–4-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate, similar in size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, ovate to suborbiculate, base truncate or rounded, margins entire or finely denticulate, apex obtuse, sometimes mucronulate; axillary cymose branches 0–4. |
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Cyathia | peduncle 1–5 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes or at nodes of short, congested, axillary shoots; peduncle to 0.5 mm. |
Euphorbia oblongata |
Euphorbia pergamena |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–fall. | Flowering and fruiting year-round. |
Habitat | Waste areas, disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, pastures. | Crevices of limestone outcrops in pinelands and pine-palm woods. |
Elevation | 30–900 m. (100–3000 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; s Europe [Introduced in North America]
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FL; West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola) |
Discussion | Euphorbia oblongata is listed as a noxious weed by the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia pergamena is a Florida-listed threatened species known within the flora area from only Miami-Dade and Monroe counties in extreme southern Florida. The species is often included as a subspecies of E. adenoptera (for example, D. G. Burch 1965), but here A. Herndon (1993b) is followed and it is treated as a distinct species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 305. | FNA vol. 12, p. 282. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Tithymalus oblongatus | Chamaesyce adenoptera subsp. pergamena, C. pergamena, E. adenoptera subsp. pergamena |
Name authority | Grisebach: Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 136. (1843) | Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 615. (1898) |
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