Euphorbia oblongata |
Euphorbia inundata |
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Balkan spurge, egg-leaf spurge, oblong spurge |
Florida pineland spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, with woody taproot. | Herbs, perennial, with thickened rootstock. | ||||
Stems | erect, unbranched or densely branching, 80 cm, often densely villous (especially young stems and pleiochasial branches). |
erect or ascending, 15–40 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole absent; blade oblong to narrowly obovate or lanceolate, 15–70 × 6–25 mm, base rounded or truncate, margins finely serrulate, apex obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; venation inconspicuously pinnate, midvein prominent. |
petiole absent or indistinct, blade linear to linear-elliptic or lanceolate, (25–)30–60(–115) × 1.5–14(–15) mm, chartaceous, base attenuate, apex acuminate, acute, or rounded and mucronate; only midvein evident. |
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Involucre | cupulate to slightly turbinate, 1.5–2.5 × 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous; glands 2–3, elliptic, 0.6–0.8 × 0.8–1.2 mm; horns absent. |
obconic or campanulate, 1.3–3.2 × 1.6–3.6 mm, lobes ovate, oblong, or nearly rectangular, 0.6–1 mm, laciniate-ciliate; glands red to greenish, oblong or nearly circular, 0.8–1 × 1.1–2 mm, distal margins crenulate-erose, undulate, or entire. |
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Staminate flowers | 15–40. |
20–25. |
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Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 1.5–2 mm, 2-fid. |
gynophore exserted 2.6–6.1 mm, calyxlike lobes triangular to subulate, 0.6–1.4 mm; styles connate 1/8 length, 1.3–2.2 mm. |
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Capsules | globose, 3–4.5 × 3–4.5 mm, slightly 3-lobed; cocci rounded, verrucose-tuberculate, glabrous; columella 2.5–3.3 mm. |
oblate-ovoid, 5.1–6.1 × 6.9–8.6 mm, 3-lobed; columella 3.9–4.7 mm. |
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Seeds | brown, ovoid, 2.4–2.6 × 1.3–2 mm, smooth, caruncle reniform, 0.2–0.3 × 0.8–0.9 mm. |
brown to blackish, ovoid-globose, circular or faintly 3- or 4-angled in cross section, 2.9–3.4 × 2.7–3 mm, smooth, base flattened or rounded, apex rounded or with inconspicuous blunt point. |
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Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 2–3 times 2–4-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate, similar in size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, ovate to suborbiculate, base truncate or rounded, margins entire or finely denticulate, apex obtuse, sometimes mucronulate; axillary cymose branches 0–4. |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 2–3, 5–18 cm, 3–8 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts linear-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 25–49 × 5–9 mm, margins entire, apex acute or acuminate; dichasial bracts ovate or lanceolate, 6–21 × 2–6 mm, margins entire, apex acute or acuminate; axillary cymose branches 1–5. |
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Cyathia | peduncle 1–5 mm. |
peduncle 6–24 mm (often exceeding dichasial bracts). |
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Euphorbia oblongata |
Euphorbia inundata |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Waste areas, disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, pastures. | |||||
Elevation | 30–900 m. (100–3000 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; s Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AL; FL; GA; MS |
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Discussion | Euphorbia oblongata is listed as a noxious weed by the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Euphorbia inundata has a disjunct distribution in the southeastern United States. Allopatric, narrow-leaved populations from the west-central Florida peninsula are segregated as var. garrettii (E. L. Bridges and S. L. Orzell 2002). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 305. | FNA vol. 12, p. 314. | ||||
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Nummulariopsis | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Tithymalus oblongatus | Galarhoeus inundatus | ||||
Name authority | Grisebach: Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 136. (1843) | Torrey ex Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 402. (1860) | ||||
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