Euphorbia lurida |
Euphorbia vallis-mortae |
|
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woodland spurge |
Death Valley sandmat |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. | Herbs, perennial, with thickened, woody taproot. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched, sometimes sinuous, 5–30 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent. |
prostrate to ascending, often mat-forming, 10–45 cm, pilose to villous. |
Leaves | petiole 0–1 mm; blade oblanceolate to obovate, 8–20 mm × 3–7 mm, base truncate or cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, minutely mucronate, surfaces puberulent or glabrous; venation inconspicuous, only midvein prominent. |
opposite; stipules distinct or connate, subulate to filiform, 0.4–1.1 mm, densely tomentose; petiole 0.4–1 mm, pilose to villous; blade suborbiculate to oblong-ovate, 3–8 × 2–6 mm, base slightly asymmetric, rounded, margins entire, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces pilose to villous; 3-veined at base, midvein conspicuous, venation often obscured by pubescence. |
Involucre | cupulate, 2–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous; glands 4, oblong to broadly ovate, usually truncate, 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.6 mm, margins irregularly crenate to strongly dentate; horns absent or usually divergent or straight, 0.1–0.3 mm, usually slightly longer than, occasionally equaling, teeth on gland margin. |
obconic-campanulate, 1.2–2.3 × 1–1.8 mm, densely pilose to villous; glands 4, yellow to red, subcircular to oblong, 0.2–0.5 × 0.4–0.9 mm; appendages white, flabellate to oblong, 0.1–0.7 × 0.5–1.9 mm, distal margin entire or crenulate, adaxial surface ciliate-puberulent. |
Staminate flowers | 10–20. |
15–22(–50). |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous or puberulent; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary densely pilose; styles 0.4–0.8 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
Capsules | ovoid, 3.5–4 × 4–4.5 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth to slightly rugose, glabrous; columella 3.2–3.5 mm. |
ovoid, 1.5–2.2 × 1.8–2.2 mm, tomentose; columella 1.2–1.6 mm. |
Seeds | gray to dark gray, truncate-oblong to truncate-ovoid, 2.8–3 × 1.7–2 mm, irregularly pitted; caruncle conic, 0.6 × 0.7 mm. |
white, gray, or light brown, ovoid, sharply 4-angled in cross section, abaxial faces slightly convex, adaxial faces concave, 1.2–1.7 × 0.6–0.9 mm, smooth. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 1–4 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate to broadly ovate or oblanceolate, wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rounded, oblanceolate, or subreniform, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, slightly mucronate; axillary cymose branches 0–4. |
|
Cyathia | peduncle 0.3–0.9 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.5–1.8 mm. |
Euphorbia lurida |
Euphorbia vallis-mortae |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–fall. |
Habitat | Open pine-oak forests, dry slopes and canyons. | Roadsides, desert scrub, streamsides, sandy washes. |
Elevation | 1300–2800 m. (4300–9200 ft.) | 700–2000 m. (2300–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
|
CA |
Discussion | Euphorbia lurida has been treated as a complex of several taxa in the past, but only a single, broadly-defined species is recognized here. This species is variable in both the pubescence and shape of the bracts subtending the cyathia and also in the degree of crenation of the gland margin. In the northern part of its range, E. lurida appears to intergrade with E. brachycera, and it can be difficult to distinguish these two species in northern Arizona and New Mexico. A report of the species from Sonora, Mexico, based on a single immature collection (V. W. Steinmann and R. S. Felger 1997) has not been verified. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The specific epithet of Euphorbia vallis-mortae is a misnomer because the species does not occur in Death Valley; instead, it is found at the transition of the northern edge of the Mojave Desert and the foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada in Inyo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 305. | FNA vol. 12, p. 291. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. palmeri, E. palmeri var. subpubens, E. subpubens, Tithymalus luridus, T. palmeri, T. subpubens | Chamaesyce vallis-mortae |
Name authority | Engelmann: in J. C. Ives, Rep. Colorado R. 4: 26. (1861) | (Millspaugh) J. T. Howell: Madroño 2: 19. (1931) |
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