Euphorbia lurida |
Euphorbia meganaesos |
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woodland spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched, sometimes sinuous, 5–30 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent. |
prostrate to ascending, drooping at tips, 15–30 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | petiole 0–1 mm; blade oblanceolate to obovate, 8–20 mm × 3–7 mm, base truncate or cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, minutely mucronate, surfaces puberulent or glabrous; venation inconspicuous, only midvein prominent. |
opposite; stipules distinct, divided nearly to base into linear-filiform segments, 1–2 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.5–1.3 mm, glabrous; blade narrowly oblong to oblong-obovate, often ± falcate, 5–16 × 1–4.5 mm, base subsymmetric to strongly oblique, margins sparsely spinulose-serrulate, apex rounded or broadly acute, abaxial surface pale grayish green, adaxial surface sometimes with reddish streak along midvein, both surfaces not papillate, glabrous; 3–5-veined at base. |
Involucre | cupulate, 2–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous; glands 4, oblong to broadly ovate, usually truncate, 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.6 mm, margins irregularly crenate to strongly dentate; horns absent or usually divergent or straight, 0.1–0.3 mm, usually slightly longer than, occasionally equaling, teeth on gland margin. |
obconic, 0.7–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous; glands 4, green to yellow-green, subequal, oblong, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm; appendages white to reddish tinged, lunate to oblong, 0.1–0.3 × 0.3–0.5 mm (2 ± 2 times longer than other 2), entire or coarsely toothed. |
Staminate flowers | 10–20. |
2–5. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous or puberulent; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.2–0.3 mm, 2-fid at apex to nearly 1/2 length. |
Capsules | ovoid, 3.5–4 × 4–4.5 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth to slightly rugose, glabrous; columella 3.2–3.5 mm. |
ovoid, cocci not elongated nor terminating in empty portion, 1.5 × 1.7 mm, glabrous; columella 1.3 mm. |
Seeds | gray to dark gray, truncate-oblong to truncate-ovoid, 2.8–3 × 1.7–2 mm, irregularly pitted; caruncle conic, 0.6 × 0.7 mm. |
reddish brown to brown, pyramidal to oblong-ovoid, weakly 4-angled in cross section, 0.9–1 × 0.7 mm, minutely beaded, with 3–4 broad, rounded, transverse ridges that do not interrupt abaxial keel. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 1–4 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate to broadly ovate or oblanceolate, wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rounded, oblanceolate, or subreniform, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, slightly mucronate; axillary cymose branches 0–4. |
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Cyathia | peduncle 0.3–0.9 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes or on congested, axillary branches; peduncle 0.1–0.4 mm. |
Euphorbia lurida |
Euphorbia meganaesos |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–late summer. |
Habitat | Open pine-oak forests, dry slopes and canyons. | Sandy beaches, edges of marshes, coastal prairies, roadsides. |
Elevation | 1300–2800 m. (4300–9200 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
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LA; TX |
Discussion | Euphorbia lurida has been treated as a complex of several taxa in the past, but only a single, broadly-defined species is recognized here. This species is variable in both the pubescence and shape of the bracts subtending the cyathia and also in the degree of crenation of the gland margin. In the northern part of its range, E. lurida appears to intergrade with E. brachycera, and it can be difficult to distinguish these two species in northern Arizona and New Mexico. A report of the species from Sonora, Mexico, based on a single immature collection (V. W. Steinmann and R. S. Felger 1997) has not been verified. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia meganaesos is known only from coastal areas of southern Louisiana and adjacent Texas. This species was often considered conspecific with E. maculata in the past, but it differs from that species in being entirely glabrous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 305. | FNA vol. 12, p. 276. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. palmeri, E. palmeri var. subpubens, E. subpubens, Tithymalus luridus, T. palmeri, T. subpubens | |
Name authority | Engelmann: in J. C. Ives, Rep. Colorado R. 4: 26. (1861) | Featherman: Rep. (Annual) Board Supervisors Louisiana State Seminary Learning Military Acad. 1870: 71, 105. (1871) |
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