Euphorbia lurida |
Euphorbia hexagona |
|
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woodland spurge |
six-angle spurge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched, sometimes sinuous, 5–30 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent. |
erect, unbranched or branched, 30–70(–100) cm, sparsely hispid, occasionally densely so at distal nodes. |
Leaves | petiole 0–1 mm; blade oblanceolate to obovate, 8–20 mm × 3–7 mm, base truncate or cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, minutely mucronate, surfaces puberulent or glabrous; venation inconspicuous, only midvein prominent. |
opposite; stipules (0–)0.1 mm; petiole 1–4 mm, pilose; blade linear-filiform, linear, or elliptic, 21–40 × 0.9–7.5 mm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex acute, abaxial surface sparsely hispidulous to strigillose, adaxial surface glabrous; venation obscure, only midvein conspicuous. |
Involucre | cupulate, 2–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous; glands 4, oblong to broadly ovate, usually truncate, 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.6 mm, margins irregularly crenate to strongly dentate; horns absent or usually divergent or straight, 0.1–0.3 mm, usually slightly longer than, occasionally equaling, teeth on gland margin. |
campanulate, 1–1.5 × (1–)1.5–1.8 mm, hispid; glands 5, green to deep red, elliptic to reniform, 0.5 × 0.8–1 mm; appendages white to green, tinged red, deltate to ovate, 0.7–1.7 × (0.9–)1.3–1.5 mm, entire. |
Staminate flowers | 10–20. |
15–30(–40). |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous or puberulent; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.7–1.1 mm, 2-fid nearly entire length. |
Capsules | ovoid, 3.5–4 × 4–4.5 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth to slightly rugose, glabrous; columella 3.2–3.5 mm. |
subglobose to broadly ovoid, 4.7–6.5 × 4.9–6.5(–7.1) mm, glabrous; columella 3.5–4.5 mm. |
Seeds | gray to dark gray, truncate-oblong to truncate-ovoid, 2.8–3 × 1.7–2 mm, irregularly pitted; caruncle conic, 0.6 × 0.7 mm. |
dark brown or dark gray, ovoid, 3.4 × 2.7 mm, rugose, whitish glaucous; caruncle absent. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 1–4 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate to broadly ovate or oblanceolate, wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rounded, oblanceolate, or subreniform, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, slightly mucronate; axillary cymose branches 0–4. |
|
Cyathia | peduncle 0.3–0.9 mm. |
solitary in leaf axils or in terminal cymes or dichasia; peduncle 1–2.1 mm, strigillose. |
Euphorbia lurida |
Euphorbia hexagona |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Open pine-oak forests, dry slopes and canyons. | Sand prairies, other sandy soil habitats, stream banks, sand bars, damp places. |
Elevation | 1300–2800 m. (4300–9200 ft.) | 200–1300 m. (700–4300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
|
AR; CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY
|
Discussion | Euphorbia lurida has been treated as a complex of several taxa in the past, but only a single, broadly-defined species is recognized here. This species is variable in both the pubescence and shape of the bracts subtending the cyathia and also in the degree of crenation of the gland margin. In the northern part of its range, E. lurida appears to intergrade with E. brachycera, and it can be difficult to distinguish these two species in northern Arizona and New Mexico. A report of the species from Sonora, Mexico, based on a single immature collection (V. W. Steinmann and R. S. Felger 1997) has not been verified. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia hexagona is native to the central United States and is most common from southern South Dakota to Oklahoma and northern Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 305. | FNA vol. 12, p. 247. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Alectoroctonum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. palmeri, E. palmeri var. subpubens, E. subpubens, Tithymalus luridus, T. palmeri, T. subpubens | |
Name authority | Engelmann: in J. C. Ives, Rep. Colorado R. 4: 26. (1861) | Nuttall ex Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 3: 791. (1826) |
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