Euphorbia humistrata |
Euphorbia gracillima |
|
---|---|---|
spreading sandmat |
Mexican sandmat |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, with taproot. | Herbs, annual, with slender taproot. |
Stems | prostrate to ascending, usually mat-forming and rooting at nodes, 5–45 cm, sparsely to moderately villous to pilose (densely on young growth). |
erect to ascending, 5–25 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct, linear-subulate, often irregularly 2- or 3-lobed, 1–1.3 mm, sparsely villous to pilose; petiole 0.5–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately villous to pilose; blade oblong-ovate to ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 4–18 × 2.5–8 mm, base strongly asymmetric, one side angled and other rounded to auriculate, margin on longer side serrulate, on shorter side subentire, apex rounded or broadly acute, abaxial surface pale grayish green, sparsely lanulose, adaxial surface usually with irregular reddish streak along midvein, usually glabrate, rarely sparsely lanulose; palmately veined at base, pinnate distally. |
opposite; stipules distinct, subulate-filiform, entire, 0.3–0.5 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.4–0.9 mm, glabrous; blade narrowly oblong to linear, often slightly falcate, 2–15 × 0.3–0.8 mm, base symmetric to subsymmetric, rounded to attenuate, margins entire, thickened and often revolute, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous; only midvein conspicuous. |
Involucre | obconic, 0.8–1 × 0.6–0.8 mm, sparsely villous to pilose; glands 4, green to yellow-green (turning pink with age), usually ± unequal, narrowly oblong, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.5 mm; appendages white to reddish tinged, lunate, ± irregular and variable in shape, 0.1–0.3 × 0.2–1.5 mm, distal margin crenulate. |
turbinate, 0.4–0.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous; glands 4, yellow to pink, oblong to slightly reniform, (0–)0.1–1 × 0.1–0.2 mm; appendages white to pink, ovate to oblong, 0.2–0.4 × 0.1–0.3 mm, distal margin usually entire, rarely emarginate. |
Staminate flowers | 2–5. |
5–12. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary short-sericeous; styles 0.5–0.8 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.1–0.2 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
Capsules | ovoid, well exserted from involucre at maturity, 1.3–1.5 × 1.2–1.6 mm, sparsely to moderately short-sericeous; columella 0.9–1.2 mm. |
broadly ovoid, 1.1–1.4 mm diam., glabrous; columella 0.8–1.1 mm. |
Seeds | white to light brown, oblong-ovoid, bluntly angular in cross section, 0.8–1.2 × 0.5–0.9 mm, smooth or papillate. |
orange to tan or reddish brown, narrowly ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm, smooth. |
Cyathia | solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.1–0.6(–2) mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.1–0.9 mm. |
Euphorbia humistrata |
Euphorbia gracillima |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–late summer. | Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Stream and river banks, gravel bars, floodplains, pond edges, disturbed fields, railroads, roadsides. | Rocky slopes and dry washes in desert scrub. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 600–900 m. (2000–3000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; OH; OK; TN; TX; VA; WV
|
AZ; Mexico (Chihuahua, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora) |
Discussion | Euphorbia humistrata is distributed throughout the Mississippi River valley and along other major river systems in the central and eastern United States. There are scattered reports of this species as a waif or as introduced farther north and/or east (for example, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Ontario, South Dakota, and Wisconsin), but the authors have not been able to verify these occurrences. Euphorbia humistrata is similar to E. maculata and is often confused with that species in herbaria. It can be distinguished from E. maculata by its tendency to root at the stem nodes, its longer styles, and its seeds that lack low transverse ridges and that are more bluntly angled. When growing side-by-side, E. humistrata has an overall less congested appearance and its cyathia are not as numerous or crowded as those of E. maculata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia gracillima occurs from south-central Arizona (Pima and Pinal counties) south through northwestern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 272. | FNA vol. 12, p. 270. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce humistrata | Chamaesyce gracillima |
Name authority | Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual ed. 2, 386. (1856) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 438. (1886) |
Web links |