Euphorbia heterophylla |
Euphorbia laredana |
|
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Mexican fireplant, painted euphorbia |
Laredo sandmat |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, with taproot. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect-ascending, 20–100 cm, sparsely pilose to villous; branches ± straight. |
prostrate, ± mat-forming, 10–20 cm, densely ashy pilose-tomentose. |
Leaves | usually alternate, occasionally opposite proximally; petiole 10–50 mm, pilose; blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or broadly obovate (then usually pandurate and 4-lobed), often polymorphic on single plants, 30–200 × 20–140 mm, base acute, margins sparsely glandular-serrulate, hirtellous, flat, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface sparsely appressed-pilose, adaxial surface sparsely pilosulous to glabrate; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
opposite; stipules distinct, filiform, 0.5–1 mm, pilose-tomentose; petiole 0.5–1 mm, pilose-tomentose; blade ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3–6 × 3–5 mm, base markedly asymmetric, rounded to slightly auriculate, margins usually entire, rarely largest leaves sparsely serrulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces moderately to densely strigose; 3-veined from base. |
Involucre | usually campanulate, occasionally nearly hemispheric, 1.5–1.9 × 1.2–1.8 mm, glabrous; involucral lobes divided into several linear, smooth lobes; gland 1, yellow-green, stipitate, clavate, 1–1.4 × 1–1.2 mm, opening circular (occasionally flattened from pressing), with annular rim, glabrous; appendages absent. |
obconic, 0.6–1 × 0.5–1 mm, densely strigose; glands 4, yellowish to reddish, oval to oblong, 0.1 × 0.2–0.3 mm; appendages white to pink, rudimentary or minute, (0–)0.1–0.2 × (0–)0.1–0.3 mm, distal margin crenulate. |
Staminate flowers | 8–15. |
3–5. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous or puberulent; styles 0.8–1.3 mm, 2-fid 1/2 to nearly entire length. |
ovary densely white villous; styles 0.1–0.2 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
Capsules | broadly ovoid, 2.8–3.8 × 4–5.3 mm, 3-lobed, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely puberulent; columella 2.1–2.8 mm. |
broadly ovoid, 1.3–1.5 × 1.4–1.5 mm, villous on keels, often glabrous or less hairy between keels; columella 1.1–1.3 mm. |
Seeds | brown-gray to ashy gray, broadly deltoid, 2.4–2.8 × 1.9–2.4 mm, angular in cross section, dorsal face strongly acute-carinate, tuberculate, with broad rounded tubercles in 2 rows; caruncle 0.1 mm. |
white, barely concealing brown undercoat, 4-angled, sharply angled in cross section, abaxial faces plane to convex, adaxial faces concave, 1.1–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, with several rounded, irregular, transverse ridges. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal dichasial branches usually 2, occasionally reduced to congested cyme, 1–2-branched (often congested and difficult to discern); pleiochasial bracts 2–4, often whorled, wholly green or paler green at base, similar in shape and size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts highly reduced, rarely absent in highly congested clusters. |
|
Cyathia | peduncle 0.9–1.5 mm. |
solitary or in small, cymose clusters at distal nodes or on congested, axillary branches; peduncle 0.5–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Euphorbia heterophylla |
Euphorbia laredana |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting nearly year-round. | Flowering and fruiting almost year-round. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides. | Open sandy, loamy, or gravelly sites, old dunes, pastures. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced, Ala., Ariz., Calif., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.Mex., Tex.; introduced also in Eurasia, Africa]
|
TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas) |
Discussion | Euphorbia heterophylla occurs from the southern United States, where it is likely naturalized, south through Mexico and Central America to South America. Because of its weediness, the precise native range in tropical and subtropical parts of the New World is not well understood. It has become widely established also in warm areas of the Old World. Leaf shape in this species is highly polymorphic within both populations and individuals. Euphorbia heterophylla can appear superficially similar to E. cyathophora but differs in its stipitate, circular involucral glands and its floral bracts that are at most very pale at the base (never colored as is typical in E. cyathophora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia laredana is similar to E. prostrata but differs from that species in its more densely tomentose indumentum, leaves with usually entire rather than serrulate margins, and slightly longer seeds with rounded rather than sharp ridges. The species occurs primarily in southern Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 323. | FNA vol. 12, p. 274. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Poinsettia | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. geniculata, Poinsettia geniculata, P. heterophylla | Chamaesyce laredana |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 453. (1753) | Millspaugh: Pittonia 2: 88. (1890) |
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