Euphorbia glyptosperma |
Euphorbia simulans |
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corrugate-seed spurge, rib-seed sandmat, ridge-seed spurge |
mimicking sandmat, similar spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, with taproot. | Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, with usually slender, occasionally slightly thickened, rootstock. |
Stems | prostrate, loosely mat-forming, 5–40 cm, glabrous, sometimes slightly glaucous. |
prostrate to reclining, 5–40 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules usually distinct, linear-subulate, usually irregularly fringed or lobed, rarely laciniate, 0.4–2 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.2–2 mm, glabrous; blade narrowly oblong to oblong-obovate or oblong-ovate, 3–15 × 2–7 mm, base asymmetric, one side angled and other rounded to shallowly cordate, margins minutely sparsely serrulate, especially near apex and on longer side, apex rounded to obtuse, abaxial surface usually pale grayish green, adaxial surface sometimes reddish tinged or with reddish blotch, both surfaces glabrous; palmately veined at base, pinnate distally. |
opposite; stipules distinct, subulate, 0.5–0.7 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.7–1.3 mm, glabrous; blade orbiculate, oval, to shortly oblong, 1–3.2 × 1.5–5 mm, base subsymmetric, rounded, margins entire, apex usually rounded, occasionally emarginate, surfaces glabrous; venation obscure, only midvein conspicuous. |
Involucre | obconic, 0.6–0.9 × 0.3–0.6 mm, glabrous; glands 4, red to purple, narrowly oblong-elliptic, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.5 mm; appendages white or pinkish tinged, semilunate and fringing distal margin of gland, 0.1–0.3 × 0.1–0.3 mm, distal margin usually irregularly crenulate or lobed. |
turbinate to campanulate, 0.8–1.2 × 0.7–1 mm, glabrous; glands 4, red to purple, slightly concave, elliptic, 0.2–0.3 × 0.4–0.5 mm; appendages absent. |
Staminate flowers | 1–5. |
15–36. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.1–0.3 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.2–0.3 mm, 2-fid nearly entire length. |
Capsules | broadly ovoid, 1.3–1.9 × 1.6–2 mm, glabrous; columella 1.3–1.5 mm. |
broadly ovoid, 1.3–1.8 × 1.5–2 mm, glabrous; columella 1.1–1.4 mm. |
Seeds | with thin white coat that readily falls off, surface below tan brown, oblong-ovoid, sharply angular in cross section, 1–1.4 × 0.6–0.9 mm, with 3–4(–6) prominent transverse ridges that usually interrupt abaxial keel. |
whitish, reddish brown beneath coat, oblong, 4-angled in cross section, 1.5–2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, with 5–7 faint transverse ridges or wrinkles. |
Cyathia | solitary or in small, cymose clusters at distal nodes; peduncle 0.5–1.6 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.3–0.7 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
= 28. |
Euphorbia glyptosperma |
Euphorbia simulans |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting early summer–fall. | Flowering and fruiting year-round. |
Habitat | Stream and river banks, sand prairies, loess hill prairies, meadows, ballast, open disturbed areas, roadsides. | Desert scrub, mountains, hills, canyons, arroyos, flats, roadsides, clay, sandy, gravelly, and rocky soils. |
Elevation | 0–1800 m. (0–5900 ft.) | 600–1300 m. (2000–4300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SD; TN; TX; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
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TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila) |
Discussion | Euphorbia glyptosperma is one of the most widespread species of the genus in North America, and it is often quite weedy. It is likely native to much of the central United States, but in areas like eastern Canada, it occurs in highly disturbed habitats, and it may be adventive there. Euphorbia glyptosperma is characterized by its prominently ridged seeds, laciniate stipules, complete lack of pubescence, and somewhat obscure toothing near the tips of the leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia simulans, which in the flora area is known only from Brewster, Hudspeth, and Presidio counties, is difficult to distinguish in the field from the sympatric E. theriaca var. theriaca, because they are mainly distinguished by seed morphology. The latter has smaller seeds with (two or) three (or four) prominent transverse ridges, whereas E. simulans has larger seeds that are slightly wrinkled. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 269. | FNA vol. 12, p. 289. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce glyptosperma | E. polycarpa var. simulans, Chamaesyce simulans |
Name authority | Engelmann: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 187. (1859) | (L. C. Wheeler) Warnock & M. C. Johnston: SouthW. Naturalist 5: 170. (1960) |
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