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greater Florida spurge

sand-dune spurge

Habit Herbs, perennial, with slender to moderately thickened rootstock. Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock.
Stems

erect, 20–65 cm.

erect, branched, 15–40 cm, glabrous.

Leaves

petiole absent;

blade linear to linear-elliptic or linear-lanceolate, 30–105 × 2–4(–7) mm, chartaceous, base attenuate, rounded, or nearly truncate, apex acute;

only midvein evident.

petiole absent;

blade obovate to oblanceolate, 5–20 × 2–7 mm, base broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous;

venation pinnate, very obscure, midvein prominent.

Involucre

campanulate or obconic, 1.6–3.3 × 1.8–3.1 mm, lobes ovate, 0.5–0.7 mm, ciliate, exceeded by glands;

glands yellow-green, oblong to trapezoidal, 0.5–0.8 × 0.8–1.2 mm, distal margins deeply erose.

hemispheric, 1–1.5 × 1.4–2 mm, glabrous;

glands 5, elliptic to slightly crescent-shaped, 0.4–0.6 × 0.9–1.1 mm;

horns divergent, 0.1–0.2 mm.

Staminate flowers

20.

8–10.

Pistillate flowers

gynophore exserted 2.9–5.3 mm, calyxlike lobes triangular, 0.3–0.7 mm;

styles connate 1/3–1/4 length, 1.1–1.7 mm.

ovary glabrous;

styles 0.2–0.4 mm, 2-fid.

Capsules

oblate-ovoid, 4.6–5.5 × 8.9–9 mm, strongly 3-lobed;

columella 3.4–4.2 mm.

depressed-ovoid, 1.1–1.5 × 2–3 mm, strongly 3-lobed;

cocci rounded, minutely papillate, sometimes appearing smooth, glabrous;

columella 1.6–1.9 mm.

Seeds

brown to blackish, depressed-globose, circular in cross section, 2.8–3 × 3.2–3.6 mm, smooth, base flattened, with punctiform depressions, apex flattened.

white, ovoid-globose, 1.8–2 × 1.6–1.8 mm, smooth;

caruncle ± rounded and flattened, 0.3 × 0.3 mm.

Cyathial

arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, 3–16 cm, 3–5(–7) times 2-branched;

pleiochasial bracts linear-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 19–55 × 4–12 mm, margins entire, apex acute or acuminate;

dichasial bracts usually ovate, lanceolate, or oblong, rarely deltate, 8–21 × 4–14 mm, margins entire, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded with mucronate tip;

axillary cymose branches 1–3(–6).

arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3, each usually 1–2 times 3-branched, sometimes unbranched;

pleiochasial bracts similar in shape and size to distal leaves, alternate;

dichasial bracts distinct, obovate to oblanceolate, base broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse;

axillary cymose branches 0.

Cyathia

peduncle (except for that of 1st cyathium at base of pleiochasia) 2–5 mm (not exceeding dichasial bracts).

peduncle 0.7–1 mm.

Euphorbia floridana

Euphorbia trichotoma

Phenology Flowering and fruiting spring–fall. Flowering and fruiting year-round (primarily spring–summer).
Habitat Xeric pine-oak sandhills, pine scrub, sandy soils. Coastal beaches, sand dunes, thickets.
Elevation 20–80 m. (100–300 ft.) 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Euphorbia trichotoma is found in coastal peninsular Florida from Hillsborough County south to Key West.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 314. FNA vol. 12, p. 311.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Nummulariopsis Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula
Sibling taxa
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana
Synonyms Galarhoeus floridanus Galarhoeus trichotomus, Tithymalus trichotomus
Name authority Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 401. (1860) Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2(fol.): 48; 2(qto.): 60. (1817)
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