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square-seed spurge, squareseed or Clark Mountain spurge
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| Herbs, annual, with slender taproot. |
Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
erect, 5–26 cm, uniformly puberulent to hispidulous or glabrous; branches arcuate. |
erect-ascending, often basally decumbent, often branched near base, 12–28 cm, glabrous. |
opposite; petiole 1–3 mm, often indistinct, glabrous or puberulent; blade linear to narrowly elliptic or ovate, 14–42 × 3–28 mm, base attenuate, margins coarsely serrate, occasionally revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface sparsely hispidulous to strigillose, adaxial surface glabrous; midvein conspicuous. |
petiole 0–3 mm; blade broadly oblanceolate to subspatulate, or proximalmost often orbiculate, 3–20 × 3–9 mm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex rounded to emarginate, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
turbinate to campanulate, 1.1–1.5 × 1–1.3 mm, glabrous, pilose or puberulent; involucral lobes divided into several linear lobes; glands 4(–5), yellow to pink, sessile and broadly attached, 0.2 × 0.3–0.4 mm, opening oblong to nearly circular, glabrous; appendages usually petaloid, white to pink, ovate to trapezoidal, occasionally absent, not incurved and covering glands, 0.2–0.4 × 0.3–0.8 mm, entire, undulate, or conspicuously divided into triangular segments, glabrous. |
infundibular, 1.3–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.4–0.5 × 0.8–1 mm; horns divergent, 0.2–0.4 mm. |
10–12. |
15–20. |
ovary puberulent on keels, styles 0.8–1.1 mm, 2-fid 1/2 to nearly entire length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.8 mm, 2-fid. |
broadly depressed-oblong to ovoid, 2.7–3.3 × 3.1–3.9 mm, puberulent (with appressed hairs usually concentrated on keels); columella 1.9–2.5 mm. |
ovoid-globose, 2.6–2.7 × 2.5–2.7 mm, slightly lobed; cocci rounded to ± flattened, smooth, glabrous; columella 2–2.1 mm. |
white to gray or light brown, ovoid, bluntly 4-angled in cross section, 1.9–2.5 × 1.4–1.7 mm, tuberculate, often with 2 transverse ridges; caruncle 0.1 × 0.2 mm. |
dark brown, oblong-ovoid, 1.5–2 × 1–1.6 mm, with deep, rounded pits in 3–4 regular vertical rows; caruncle reniform-ovate, conic, 0.5–0.7 × 0.5–0.8 mm. |
arrangement: terminal cymose or dichasial branches usually 1–2, occasionally reduced to monochasia, 1–2-branched; pleiochasial bracts 2–4, often whorled, wholly green or paler green at base, similar in shape and size to distal leaves or slightly narrower; dichasial bracts similar in shape to distal leaves but smaller or highly reduced. |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3, 1–3 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate-deltate to subrhombic-ovate, shorter and wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts connate 1/4 length, not imbricate, broadly deltate to subreniform, base truncate to broadly obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse to bluntly acuminate; axillary cymose branches 1–5. |
peduncle 1–1.9 mm. |
peduncle 0.4–0.7 mm. |
|
= 26. |
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| Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. |
Flowering and fruiting spring. |
| Desert scrub, grasslands, mesquite savannas, oak and oak-juniper woodlands. |
Semiopen forests, bluffs and ledges, stream banks, glades. |
| 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) |
100–400 m. (300–1300 ft.) |
|
AZ; CA; NM; TX; UT; WY; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Zacatecas)
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AR; MO; OK; TN; TX |
Euphorbia exstipulata is native from Texas to California and northern Mexico. The species was found once in the late nineteenth century in Wyoming but has not been re-collected there. Broad-leaved plants have been segregated as var. lata, but the variation in leaf shape is continuous and no varieties are formally recognized here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia ouachitana is restricted to semiopen forests and woodlands in the south-central United States. It is similar to E. commutata and has been most commonly identified as that species in the past. However, it differs in its consistently brown seeds that have pits in regular, vertical rows. The two species also differ in E. commutata’s numerous, proximal, long-petiolate elliptic leaves. The proximal leaves of E. ouachitana are spatulate with an orbiculate blade and petiolelike base. Aside from the restricted distribution of E. ouachitana in Missouri and Tennessee, the ranges of E. ouachitana and E. commutata do not overlap (see M. H. Mayfield 2013 for a detailed discussion of the distribution). Euphorbia ouachitana is most common in the Ouachita Mountains from southeastern Oklahoma to Hot Springs County, Arkansas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| FNA vol. 12, p. 322. |
FNA vol. 12, p. 306. |
| Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Poinsettia |
Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana |
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana |
| E. exstipulata var. lata |
|
| Engelmann: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 189. (1859) |
Mayfield: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7: 642, figs. 2[row 2, right], 6. (2013) |
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