Euphorbia exstipulata |
Euphorbia jaegeri |
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square-seed spurge, squareseed or Clark Mountain spurge |
orocopia mountains spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, with slender taproot. | Shrubs, with woody rootstock. |
Stems | erect, 5–26 cm, uniformly puberulent to hispidulous or glabrous; branches arcuate. |
ascending, diffusely and intricately branched, 15–25 cm, usually puberulent to shortly hirsute, sometimes glabrate, bark grayish. |
Leaves | opposite; petiole 1–3 mm, often indistinct, glabrous or puberulent; blade linear to narrowly elliptic or ovate, 14–42 × 3–28 mm, base attenuate, margins coarsely serrate, occasionally revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface sparsely hispidulous to strigillose, adaxial surface glabrous; midvein conspicuous. |
opposite; stipules distinct or connate, subulate, 0.3–0.5 mm, puberulent; petiole 0.7–1.1 mm, puberulent to shortly hirsute; blade ovate or elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–5 mm, base symmetric to slightly asymmetric, rounded to cuneate, margins entire, apex usually obtuse, sometimes acute, surfaces puberulent to shortly hirsute; 3-veined from base, often only midvein conspicuous. |
Involucre | turbinate to campanulate, 1.1–1.5 × 1–1.3 mm, glabrous, pilose or puberulent; involucral lobes divided into several linear lobes; glands 4(–5), yellow to pink, sessile and broadly attached, 0.2 × 0.3–0.4 mm, opening oblong to nearly circular, glabrous; appendages usually petaloid, white to pink, ovate to trapezoidal, occasionally absent, not incurved and covering glands, 0.2–0.4 × 0.3–0.8 mm, entire, undulate, or conspicuously divided into triangular segments, glabrous. |
obconic to campanulate, 1.2–1.8 × 1.1–1.4 mm, puberulent to shortly hirsute; glands 4, yellow to pinkish, elliptic to oblong, 0.3 × 0.4–0.5 mm; appendages white to pink, 0.2–0.7 × 0.6–1.2 mm, irregularly divided from halfway to nearly base into 4–8 triangular to subulate segments, segments entire. |
Staminate flowers | 10–12. |
25–30. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary puberulent on keels, styles 0.8–1.1 mm, 2-fid 1/2 to nearly entire length. |
ovary canescent; styles 0.3–0.4 mm, 2-fid entire length. |
Capsules | broadly depressed-oblong to ovoid, 2.7–3.3 × 3.1–3.9 mm, puberulent (with appressed hairs usually concentrated on keels); columella 1.9–2.5 mm. |
oblate, 1.7–2.3 × 1.8–2.7 mm, puberulent; columella 1.4–2 mm. |
Seeds | white to gray or light brown, ovoid, bluntly 4-angled in cross section, 1.9–2.5 × 1.4–1.7 mm, tuberculate, often with 2 transverse ridges; caruncle 0.1 × 0.2 mm. |
tan to grayish, narrowly oblong-ovoid, ± 3–4-angled in cross section, 1.4–1.5 × 0.7–0.9 mm, irregularly dimpled or with faint transverse ridges that do not interrupt abaxial keel. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal cymose or dichasial branches usually 1–2, occasionally reduced to monochasia, 1–2-branched; pleiochasial bracts 2–4, often whorled, wholly green or paler green at base, similar in shape and size to distal leaves or slightly narrower; dichasial bracts similar in shape to distal leaves but smaller or highly reduced. |
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Cyathia | peduncle 1–1.9 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.5–1.7 mm. |
Euphorbia exstipulata |
Euphorbia jaegeri |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. | Flowering and fruiting fall–spring. |
Habitat | Desert scrub, grasslands, mesquite savannas, oak and oak-juniper woodlands. | Desert scrub, hillsides, arroyos, primarily in rock crevices. |
Elevation | 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) | 600–900 m. (2000–3000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; TX; UT; WY; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Zacatecas)
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CA |
Discussion | Euphorbia exstipulata is native from Texas to California and northern Mexico. The species was found once in the late nineteenth century in Wyoming but has not been re-collected there. Broad-leaved plants have been segregated as var. lata, but the variation in leaf shape is continuous and no varieties are formally recognized here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia jaegeri is known only from the Orocopia Mountains of Riverside County and the Bristol and Marble Mountains of San Bernardino County. The species is one of few shrubby species of sect. Anisophyllum in the flora area. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 322. | FNA vol. 12, p. 273. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Poinsettia | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. exstipulata var. lata | |
Name authority | Engelmann: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 189. (1859) | V. W. Steinmann & J. M. André: Aliso 30: 1, figs. 1–4. (2012) |
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