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summer spurge

heartleaf sandmat

Habit Herbs, perennial, with spreading rootstock. Herbs, annual, with taproot.
Stems

erect or ascending, unbranched, solitary or few, previous year's dead stems not persistent, 45–70 cm, usually densely puberulent to sericeous, rarely glabrous.

prostrate, occasionally mat-forming, 10–43 cm, glabrous.

Leaves

alternate;

stipules to 0.1 mm;

petiole (0–)1–2 mm (or absent), densely puberulent;

blade usually linear, rarely ovate, 25–55 × 1.5–4 mm, base cuneate, margins entire, revolute, apex rounded, abaxial surface glabrous or puberulent to sericeous, adaxial surface glabrous;

venation often obscure on smaller leaves, midvein conspicuous.

opposite;

stipules usually distinct, occasionally connate at base, filiform, 1–1.2(–2.8) mm, usually glabrous, rarely pilose;

petiole 0.4–1 mm, usually glabrous;

blade ovate to oblong, 4.4–12 × 2.6–7.6 mm, base asymmetric, cordate to rounded, margins entire, apex rounded to mucronulate, surfaces glabrous;

only midvein conspicuous.

Involucre

campanulate, 1.2–1.4 × 1.2–2 mm, sparsely to densely puberulent;

glands 5, green, reniform, 0.2–0.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm;

appendages white, orbiculate to oblong, (0.5–)1–1.7 × 1–1.5 mm, entire.

campanulate, 1–1.3 × 1–1.3 mm, glabrous;

glands 4, yellowish to pink, elliptic, 0.3–0.5 × 0.5–1 mm;

appendages whitish to pink, sometimes drying red, elliptic to ovoid, 1.1–1.5 × 1.2–1.9 mm, distal margin entire, retuse, or erose.

Staminate flowers

20–25.

5–40.

Pistillate flowers

ovary glabrous or sparsely strigose;

styles 0.5–1.1 mm, 2-fid at apex to 1/2 length.

ovary glabrous;

styles 0.5–0.8 mm, 2-fid nearly entire length.

Capsules

globose, 1.8–3 × 2.5–4.8 mm, glabrous or sparsely strigose;

columella 2.3–2.5 mm.

ovoid, 2–3 mm diam., glabrous;

columella 1.2–2.7 mm.

Seeds

light gray, ovoid, 2 × 1.2–1.3 mm, smooth or with few, very shallow depressions;

caruncle absent.

gray or tan with dark brown mottling, ovoid, bluntly 3–4-angled in cross section, 1.8–2.1 × 1.2–1.4 mm, smooth to rugose.

Cyathia

in terminal pleiochasia;

peduncle 5–15 mm, filiform, glabrous or very sparsely puberulent to sericeous.

solitary at distal nodes;

peduncle 0.9–3 mm.

Euphorbia discoidalis

Euphorbia cordifolia

Phenology Flowering and fruiting late spring–fall. Flowering and fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Sand hills, pine savannas, woodland borders, open fields with sandy soils. Xeric oak-pine scrub, pine-barrens, sand barrens, sandy stream banks.
Elevation 0–150 m. (0–500 ft.) 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

M. J. Huft (1979) remarked that Euphorbia discoidalis is uncommon west of Alabama and referred many narrow-leaved specimens from Louisiana and Texas to E. corollata. K. R. Park (1998) included them in an expanded E. discoidalis, and that is followed here. The western populations can be distinguished from E. corollata by their shorter involucral gland appendages and revolute leaf margins. Further study of these western populations is warranted.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Euphorbia cordifolia is easily identified by its cordate to rounded leaf base and distinctive filiform stipules.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 245. FNA vol. 12, p. 265.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Alectoroctonum Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum
Sibling taxa
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana
Synonyms Tithymalopsis discoidalis Chamaesyce cordifolia
Name authority Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 401. (1860) Elliott: Sketch. Bot. S. Carolina 2: 656. (1824)
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