Euphorbia davidii |
Euphorbia chaetocalyx |
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David's poinsettia, David's spurge, tooth poinsettia, tooth spurge |
bristlecup sandmat |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, with taproot. | Herbs, perennial, with woody, thickened taproot. | ||||
Stems | erect or ascending, 20–70 cm, both coarsely and sparsely hirsute and closely strigillose; branches usually ± straight, occasionally proximal branches arcuate. |
usually erect, rarely slightly decumbent, often densely clustered from top of woody crown, 3–15 cm, glabrous. |
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Leaves | usually opposite, occasionally alternate at distal nodes; petiole 7–25 mm, strigose; blade usually narrowly to broadly elliptic, occasionally lance-elliptic, 10–100 × 5–35 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins coarsely crenate-dentate, strigose, revolute to nearly flat, apex broadly acute to acuminate, or obtuse, abaxial surface strigose with stiff, strongly tapered hairs, adaxial surface sparsely strigose-hirsute; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
opposite; stipules distinct, narrowly linear, usually entire, 0.5–1 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.5–1 mm, glabrous; blade ovate to lanceolate or oblong- or linear-lanceolate, 3–11 × 0.8–3(–5) mm, base slightly asymmetric, short-tapered, occasionally one side slightly rounded, margins entire, apex acute or short-acuminate, surfaces glabrous; only midvein conspicuous. |
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Involucre | cylindric, 2.5–3 × 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous; involucral lobes divided into 5–7 linear, papillate lobes; gland 1, yellow-green, sessile and broadly attached, 0.9 × 1.3 mm, opening oblong, glabrous; appendages absent. |
campanulate to turbinate, 0.8–1.4 × 0.8–1 mm, glabrous; glands 4, yellow-brown to reddish, concave or convex, elliptic or oval, 0.2–0.4 × 0.4–0.6 mm; appendages absent or white, lanceolate-deltate to straplike, 0.2–1.1 × 0.2–0.9 mm, distal margin entire, crenate, or deeply cleft or divided. |
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Staminate flowers | 5–8. |
25–35. |
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Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous or sparsely strigose; styles 1 mm, 2-fid 1/2 to nearly entire length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.3–0.4 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
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Capsules | broadly ovoid, 2.9–3.3 × 4–4.8 mm, 3-lobed, glabrous; columella 2.2–2.7 mm. |
depressed-ovoid to depressed-globose, 1.7–2.1 × 1.6–2.4 mm, glabrous; columella 1.2–1.8 mm. |
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Seeds | black to brown or pale gray, ovoid to triangular-ovoid, angular in cross section, 2.4–2.9 × 2.2–2.9 mm, low-tuberculate, tubercles irregularly arranged or in faint, transverse row; caruncle 0.9–1.1 mm. |
white, ovoid-pyramidal, prominently 4-angled in cross section, 1.6–2 × 1–1.2 mm, smooth to slightly wrinkled. |
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Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches usually 3, occasionally reduced to congested cyme, 1–2-branched; pleiochasial bracts 2–4, often whorled, green with diffuse greenish white to mauve near base, similar in shape and size to distal leaves or slightly narrower; dichasial bracts similar in shape to distal leaves but smaller, often highly reduced. |
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Cyathia | peduncle 0.5–1 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.8–1.3 mm. |
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2n | = 56. |
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Euphorbia davidii |
Euphorbia chaetocalyx |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Forests, stream and riverbanks, prairies, roadsides and open disturbed areas. | |||||
Elevation | 200–1500 m. (700–4900 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; ON; QC; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora) [Introduced in South America, Eurasia (China, Russia), Australia]
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AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico
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Discussion | Euphorbia davidii is native from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico north through the southern Great Plains; it apparently is adventive elsewhere. The species is the weediest member of the E. dentata species group (following M. H. Mayfield 1997) and has become an agricultural weed in North America, South America (for example, Argentina), and in the Old World (particularly Australia and Russia). Euphorbia davidii can be distinguished from the closely similar E. dentata by its larger capsules and seeds, often more elliptic leaves, and shorter, stiffer hairs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Euphorbia chaetocalyx is similar to E. fendleri but can generally be distinguished from that species by its narrow, acute leaves and ± erect stems. Some authors have used the presence or absence and shape of the involucral gland appendages to help separate E. chaetocalyx from E. fendleri, but those characters appear highly variable and of little taxonomic utility. Some individuals from western Texas (Culberson and El Paso counties) and southern New Mexico appear intermediate with E. fendleri. The specific epithet of E. chaetocalyx refers to the bristly perianthlike segments that subtend the ovary, but these structures are found intermittently in both E. chaetocalyx and E. fendleri. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 320. | FNA vol. 12, p. 263. | ||||
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Poinsettia | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | E. fendleri var. chaetocalyx, Chamaesyce chaetocalyx | |||||
Name authority | Subils: Kurtziana 17: 125, figs. 1, 2H–J. (1984) | (Boissier) Tidestrom: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 40. (1935) | ||||
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