Euphorbia commutata |
Euphorbia lurida |
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tinted euphorbia, tinted woodland spurge |
woodland spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, usually biennial, occasionally annual, with taproot. | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. |
Stems | erect or ascending, decumbent and often branched near base, 10–40 cm, glabrous. |
erect or ascending, unbranched, sometimes sinuous, 5–30 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent. |
Leaves | petiole usually 5–10 mm, 0–1 mm distally; blade usually oblanceolate to obovate, rarely ovate, 5–30 × 3–10 mm, base broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex usually obtuse to rounded, occasionally slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
petiole 0–1 mm; blade oblanceolate to obovate, 8–20 mm × 3–7 mm, base truncate or cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, minutely mucronate, surfaces puberulent or glabrous; venation inconspicuous, only midvein prominent. |
Involucre | campanulate, 1.7–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.6–1 × 0.8–1.5 mm; horns divergent, 0.5–1.1 mm. |
cupulate, 2–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous; glands 4, oblong to broadly ovate, usually truncate, 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.6 mm, margins irregularly crenate to strongly dentate; horns absent or usually divergent or straight, 0.1–0.3 mm, usually slightly longer than, occasionally equaling, teeth on gland margin. |
Staminate flowers | 9–15. |
10–20. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.9–1.3 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary glabrous or puberulent; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid. |
Capsules | ovoid-globose, 2.5–3.2 × 3 mm, slightly lobed; cocci rounded to ± flattened, smooth, glabrous; columella 1.5–2 mm. |
ovoid, 3.5–4 × 4–4.5 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth to slightly rugose, glabrous; columella 3.2–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | white to gray, broadly oblong-elliptic to ovoid or nearly globose, 1.5–2 × 1.3–1.6 mm, strongly small-pitted; caruncle irregularly winglike, conic, 0.6–1 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
gray to dark gray, truncate-oblong to truncate-ovoid, 2.8–3 × 1.7–2 mm, irregularly pitted; caruncle conic, 0.6 × 0.7 mm. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches (2–)3(–4), 1–3+ times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape and size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct to basally subconnate, not imbricate, widely ovate, rhombic, or reniform, base cordate, rarely slightly perfoliate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, mucronulate; axillary cymose branches 0–5. |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 1–4 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate to broadly ovate or oblanceolate, wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rounded, oblanceolate, or subreniform, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, slightly mucronate; axillary cymose branches 0–4. |
Cyathia | peduncle 0.5–1 mm. |
peduncle 0.3–0.9 mm. |
Euphorbia commutata |
Euphorbia lurida |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. |
Habitat | Bottomland and upland forests, bluffs and ledges, stream banks, glades, rarely fen margins. | Open pine-oak forests, dry slopes and canyons. |
Elevation | 50–1000 m. (200–3300 ft.) | 1300–2800 m. (4300–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
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AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Euphorbia lurida has been treated as a complex of several taxa in the past, but only a single, broadly-defined species is recognized here. This species is variable in both the pubescence and shape of the bracts subtending the cyathia and also in the degree of crenation of the gland margin. In the northern part of its range, E. lurida appears to intergrade with E. brachycera, and it can be difficult to distinguish these two species in northern Arizona and New Mexico. A report of the species from Sonora, Mexico, based on a single immature collection (V. W. Steinmann and R. S. Felger 1997) has not been verified. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 300. | FNA vol. 12, p. 305. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Galarhoeus austrinus, G. commutatus, Tithymalus commutatus | E. palmeri, E. palmeri var. subpubens, E. subpubens, Tithymalus luridus, T. palmeri, T. subpubens |
Name authority | Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual ed. 2, 389. (1856) | Engelmann: in J. C. Ives, Rep. Colorado R. 4: 26. (1861) |
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