Euphorbia commutata |
Euphorbia cordifolia |
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tinted euphorbia, tinted woodland spurge |
heartleaf sandmat |
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Habit | Herbs, usually biennial, occasionally annual, with taproot. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect or ascending, decumbent and often branched near base, 10–40 cm, glabrous. |
prostrate, occasionally mat-forming, 10–43 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | petiole usually 5–10 mm, 0–1 mm distally; blade usually oblanceolate to obovate, rarely ovate, 5–30 × 3–10 mm, base broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex usually obtuse to rounded, occasionally slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
opposite; stipules usually distinct, occasionally connate at base, filiform, 1–1.2(–2.8) mm, usually glabrous, rarely pilose; petiole 0.4–1 mm, usually glabrous; blade ovate to oblong, 4.4–12 × 2.6–7.6 mm, base asymmetric, cordate to rounded, margins entire, apex rounded to mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; only midvein conspicuous. |
Involucre | campanulate, 1.7–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.6–1 × 0.8–1.5 mm; horns divergent, 0.5–1.1 mm. |
campanulate, 1–1.3 × 1–1.3 mm, glabrous; glands 4, yellowish to pink, elliptic, 0.3–0.5 × 0.5–1 mm; appendages whitish to pink, sometimes drying red, elliptic to ovoid, 1.1–1.5 × 1.2–1.9 mm, distal margin entire, retuse, or erose. |
Staminate flowers | 9–15. |
5–40. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.9–1.3 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.5–0.8 mm, 2-fid nearly entire length. |
Capsules | ovoid-globose, 2.5–3.2 × 3 mm, slightly lobed; cocci rounded to ± flattened, smooth, glabrous; columella 1.5–2 mm. |
ovoid, 2–3 mm diam., glabrous; columella 1.2–2.7 mm. |
Seeds | white to gray, broadly oblong-elliptic to ovoid or nearly globose, 1.5–2 × 1.3–1.6 mm, strongly small-pitted; caruncle irregularly winglike, conic, 0.6–1 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
gray or tan with dark brown mottling, ovoid, bluntly 3–4-angled in cross section, 1.8–2.1 × 1.2–1.4 mm, smooth to rugose. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches (2–)3(–4), 1–3+ times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape and size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct to basally subconnate, not imbricate, widely ovate, rhombic, or reniform, base cordate, rarely slightly perfoliate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, mucronulate; axillary cymose branches 0–5. |
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Cyathia | peduncle 0.5–1 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.9–3 mm. |
Euphorbia commutata |
Euphorbia cordifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Bottomland and upland forests, bluffs and ledges, stream banks, glades, rarely fen margins. | Xeric oak-pine scrub, pine-barrens, sand barrens, sandy stream banks. |
Elevation | 50–1000 m. (200–3300 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX
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Discussion | Euphorbia cordifolia is easily identified by its cordate to rounded leaf base and distinctive filiform stipules. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 300. | FNA vol. 12, p. 265. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Galarhoeus austrinus, G. commutatus, Tithymalus commutatus | Chamaesyce cordifolia |
Name authority | Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual ed. 2, 389. (1856) | Elliott: Sketch. Bot. S. Carolina 2: 656. (1824) |
Web links |