Euphorbia chamaesula |
Euphorbia commutata |
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mountain spurge |
tinted euphorbia, tinted woodland spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. | Herbs, usually biennial, occasionally annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect, branched, 40–90 cm, glabrous. |
erect or ascending, decumbent and often branched near base, 10–40 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | petiole 0.5–1 mm; blade elliptic to oblong, 8–20(–40) × 3–6 mm, base truncate, rounded, or attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse or acute, sometimes slightly mucronate, surfaces glabrous; venation inconspicuous, only midvein prominent. |
petiole usually 5–10 mm, 0–1 mm distally; blade usually oblanceolate to obovate, rarely ovate, 5–30 × 3–10 mm, base broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex usually obtuse to rounded, occasionally slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
Involucre | turbinate or campanulate, 1.5–2.5 × 1.1–1.9 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped to semicircular, 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.8 mm; horns usually convergent, 0.2–0.8 mm. |
campanulate, 1.7–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.6–1 × 0.8–1.5 mm; horns divergent, 0.5–1.1 mm. |
Staminate flowers | 8–12. |
9–15. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 1–1.8 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.9–1.3 mm, 2-fid. |
Capsules | depressed-ovoid, 4.3–5 × 5–6 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth, glabrous; columella 3.5–4 mm. |
ovoid-globose, 2.5–3.2 × 3 mm, slightly lobed; cocci rounded to ± flattened, smooth, glabrous; columella 1.5–2 mm. |
Seeds | gray to dark brown, ovoid-oblong, truncate at both ends, 2.6–3.4 × 2–2.6 mm, shallowly pitted to almost smooth; caruncle conic, 1 × 0.8 mm. |
white to gray, broadly oblong-elliptic to ovoid or nearly globose, 1.5–2 × 1.3–1.6 mm, strongly small-pitted; caruncle irregularly winglike, conic, 0.6–1 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5(–6), each 3–4 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate-lanceolate to slightly subpandurate, similar in size or wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, lanceolate to broadly ovate, base usually truncate to rounded or subcordate, sometimes attenuate, margins entire or slightly crenulate, apex usually obtuse to acute, occasionally acuminate; axillary cymose branches 2–8. |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches (2–)3(–4), 1–3+ times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape and size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct to basally subconnate, not imbricate, widely ovate, rhombic, or reniform, base cordate, rarely slightly perfoliate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, mucronulate; axillary cymose branches 0–5. |
Cyathia | peduncle 1–3 mm. |
peduncle 0.5–1 mm. |
2n | = 26. |
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Euphorbia chamaesula |
Euphorbia commutata |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. |
Habitat | Clearings in ponderosa pine forests, montane roadsides, dry streambeds, creek banks, sandy and gravelly soils. | Bottomland and upland forests, bluffs and ledges, stream banks, glades, rarely fen margins. |
Elevation | 1700–2700 m. (5600–8900 ft.) | 50–1000 m. (200–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
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Discussion | Euphorbia chamaesula is easily distinguished from other perennial members of subg. Esula in western North America by its larger capsules and the vegetative shoots (without cyathia) that arise from the distal nodes of the stem proximal to the pleiochasia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 300. | FNA vol. 12, p. 300. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Tithymalus chamaesula | Galarhoeus austrinus, G. commutatus, Tithymalus commutatus |
Name authority | Boissier: Cent. Euphorb., 38. (1860) | Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual ed. 2, 389. (1856) |
Web links |