Euphorbia chaetocalyx |
Euphorbia trichotoma |
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bristlecup sandmat |
sand-dune spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, with woody, thickened taproot. | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. | ||||
Stems | usually erect, rarely slightly decumbent, often densely clustered from top of woody crown, 3–15 cm, glabrous. |
erect, branched, 15–40 cm, glabrous. |
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Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct, narrowly linear, usually entire, 0.5–1 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.5–1 mm, glabrous; blade ovate to lanceolate or oblong- or linear-lanceolate, 3–11 × 0.8–3(–5) mm, base slightly asymmetric, short-tapered, occasionally one side slightly rounded, margins entire, apex acute or short-acuminate, surfaces glabrous; only midvein conspicuous. |
petiole absent; blade obovate to oblanceolate, 5–20 × 2–7 mm, base broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, very obscure, midvein prominent. |
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Involucre | campanulate to turbinate, 0.8–1.4 × 0.8–1 mm, glabrous; glands 4, yellow-brown to reddish, concave or convex, elliptic or oval, 0.2–0.4 × 0.4–0.6 mm; appendages absent or white, lanceolate-deltate to straplike, 0.2–1.1 × 0.2–0.9 mm, distal margin entire, crenate, or deeply cleft or divided. |
hemispheric, 1–1.5 × 1.4–2 mm, glabrous; glands 5, elliptic to slightly crescent-shaped, 0.4–0.6 × 0.9–1.1 mm; horns divergent, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
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Staminate flowers | 25–35. |
8–10. |
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Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.3–0.4 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.2–0.4 mm, 2-fid. |
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Capsules | depressed-ovoid to depressed-globose, 1.7–2.1 × 1.6–2.4 mm, glabrous; columella 1.2–1.8 mm. |
depressed-ovoid, 1.1–1.5 × 2–3 mm, strongly 3-lobed; cocci rounded, minutely papillate, sometimes appearing smooth, glabrous; columella 1.6–1.9 mm. |
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Seeds | white, ovoid-pyramidal, prominently 4-angled in cross section, 1.6–2 × 1–1.2 mm, smooth to slightly wrinkled. |
white, ovoid-globose, 1.8–2 × 1.6–1.8 mm, smooth; caruncle ± rounded and flattened, 0.3 × 0.3 mm. |
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Cyathia | solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.8–1.3 mm. |
peduncle 0.7–1 mm. |
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Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3, each usually 1–2 times 3-branched, sometimes unbranched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape and size to distal leaves, alternate; dichasial bracts distinct, obovate to oblanceolate, base broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse; axillary cymose branches 0. |
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Euphorbia chaetocalyx |
Euphorbia trichotoma |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting year-round (primarily spring–summer). | |||||
Habitat | Coastal beaches, sand dunes, thickets. | |||||
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico
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FL; Mexico; Central America; West Indies |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Euphorbia chaetocalyx is similar to E. fendleri but can generally be distinguished from that species by its narrow, acute leaves and ± erect stems. Some authors have used the presence or absence and shape of the involucral gland appendages to help separate E. chaetocalyx from E. fendleri, but those characters appear highly variable and of little taxonomic utility. Some individuals from western Texas (Culberson and El Paso counties) and southern New Mexico appear intermediate with E. fendleri. The specific epithet of E. chaetocalyx refers to the bristly perianthlike segments that subtend the ovary, but these structures are found intermittently in both E. chaetocalyx and E. fendleri. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia trichotoma is found in coastal peninsular Florida from Hillsborough County south to Key West. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 263. | FNA vol. 12, p. 311. | ||||
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | E. fendleri var. chaetocalyx, Chamaesyce chaetocalyx | Galarhoeus trichotomus, Tithymalus trichotomus | ||||
Name authority | (Boissier) Tidestrom: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 40. (1935) | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2(fol.): 48; 2(qto.): 60. (1817) | ||||
Web links |