Euphorbia chaetocalyx |
Euphorbia thymifolia |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bristlecup sandmat |
gulf sandmat |
|||||
Habit | Herbs, perennial, with woody, thickened taproot. | Herbs, annual or perennial, with taproot. | ||||
Stems | usually erect, rarely slightly decumbent, often densely clustered from top of woody crown, 3–15 cm, glabrous. |
prostrate, mat-forming, 15–30 cm, strigose to strigose-tomentulose. |
||||
Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct, narrowly linear, usually entire, 0.5–1 mm, glabrous; petiole 0.5–1 mm, glabrous; blade ovate to lanceolate or oblong- or linear-lanceolate, 3–11 × 0.8–3(–5) mm, base slightly asymmetric, short-tapered, occasionally one side slightly rounded, margins entire, apex acute or short-acuminate, surfaces glabrous; only midvein conspicuous. |
opposite; stipules distinct or slightly connate at base, linear-subulate, entire or slightly parted, 0.9–1.2 mm, strigose-tomentulose; petiole 0.5–1 mm, sparsely strigose-tomentulose; blade broadly elliptic to narrowly oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 3–10 × 1.8–5 mm, base asymmetric, one side usually angled or rounded and the other truncate and expanded into small, rounded auricle, margins serrate (larger leaves) to serrulate (smaller leaves), apex blunt to acute, abaxial surface sparsely tomentulose to glabrate, adaxial surface glabrate; palmately veined at base, pinnate distally. |
||||
Involucre | campanulate to turbinate, 0.8–1.4 × 0.8–1 mm, glabrous; glands 4, yellow-brown to reddish, concave or convex, elliptic or oval, 0.2–0.4 × 0.4–0.6 mm; appendages absent or white, lanceolate-deltate to straplike, 0.2–1.1 × 0.2–0.9 mm, distal margin entire, crenate, or deeply cleft or divided. |
broadly obconic, becoming distended and distorted by base of partially included capsule, 0.4–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm, strigose; glands 4, red, slightly concave, ± unequal, subcircular to broadly oval, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm; appendages white to pink, usually unequal, occasionally ± equal at distal nodes, elongated toward sinus, sometimes rudimentary, 0.1–0.4 × 0.1–0.3 mm, distal margin entire or crenulate. |
||||
Staminate flowers | 25–35. |
3–5. |
||||
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.3–0.4 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary densely strigose; styles 0.4–0.5 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
||||
Capsules | depressed-ovoid to depressed-globose, 1.7–2.1 × 1.6–2.4 mm, glabrous; columella 1.2–1.8 mm. |
conic to truncate-ovoid, scarcely exserted from involucre, base often remaining inside involucre and splitting one side of it during maturation, 0.9–1.2 × 1–1.2 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; columella 0.6–1 mm. |
||||
Seeds | white, ovoid-pyramidal, prominently 4-angled in cross section, 1.6–2 × 1–1.2 mm, smooth to slightly wrinkled. |
white, tan underneath coat, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, sharply 4-angled in cross section, 0.8–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm, with 4 low transverse ridges often slightly extending into angles, not sulcate. |
||||
Cyathia | solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.8–1.3 mm. |
usually in small, cymose clusters on congested, axillary branches; peduncle (0–)0.1–0.3 mm. |
||||
Euphorbia chaetocalyx |
Euphorbia thymifolia |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting midsummer–early fall. | |||||
Habitat | Disturbed areas, often near salt water. | |||||
Elevation | 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico
|
FL; LA; Mexico; South America; West Indies [Introduced in Asia, tropical Africa, Australia] |
||||
Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Euphorbia chaetocalyx is similar to E. fendleri but can generally be distinguished from that species by its narrow, acute leaves and ± erect stems. Some authors have used the presence or absence and shape of the involucral gland appendages to help separate E. chaetocalyx from E. fendleri, but those characters appear highly variable and of little taxonomic utility. Some individuals from western Texas (Culberson and El Paso counties) and southern New Mexico appear intermediate with E. fendleri. The specific epithet of E. chaetocalyx refers to the bristly perianthlike segments that subtend the ovary, but these structures are found intermittently in both E. chaetocalyx and E. fendleri. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia thymifolia is a widespread tropical and subtropical weed. It is not certain where the species is native, but most likely it originated in the New World and then became widespread in the rest of the tropics. Euphorbia thymifolia is present in the flora area in southern Florida and coastal Louisiana, where it is likely adventive. Euphorbia thymifolia is generally similar to E. maculata but is characterized by its short pistillate pedicels and non-exserted capsules that remain largely enclosed by the involucre and by its unequal involucral gland appendages. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 263. | FNA vol. 12, p. 291. | ||||
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | E. fendleri var. chaetocalyx, Chamaesyce chaetocalyx | Chamaesyce thymifolia | ||||
Name authority | (Boissier) Tidestrom: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 40. (1935) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 454. (1753) | ||||
Web links |