Euphorbia capitellata |
Euphorbia laredana |
|
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capitate sandmat, head sandmat, head spurge |
Laredo sandmat |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual or perennial, with slender to thick and woody rootstock. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | usually ascending (but ranging from decumbent to erect), 15–50 cm, glabrous, strigillose, or pilose. |
prostrate, ± mat-forming, 10–20 cm, densely ashy pilose-tomentose. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct, filiform or divided into 2–3 subulate-filiform segments, without dark, circular glands at base, 0.6–1.5 mm, pilose; petioles 0.6–1.3 mm, glabrous, pilose, or strigillose; blade ovate to narrowly ovate, 4–19 × 2–8 mm, base asymmetric, one side strongly cordate, other side rounded to slightly cordate, margins entire or serrulate (commonly nearly entire with few scattered teeth, often slightly thickened), apex acute, surfaces often with red spot in center, glabrous, pilose, or strigillose; weakly 3-veined from base, usually only midvein conspicuous. |
opposite; stipules distinct, filiform, 0.5–1 mm, pilose-tomentose; petiole 0.5–1 mm, pilose-tomentose; blade ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3–6 × 3–5 mm, base markedly asymmetric, rounded to slightly auriculate, margins usually entire, rarely largest leaves sparsely serrulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces moderately to densely strigose; 3-veined from base. |
Involucre | narrowly obconic to narrowly campanulate, 0.8–1.6 × 0.7–1.3 mm, glabrous or pilose; glands 4, yellow-green to pink or maroon, circular to oblong, 0.2–0.4 × 0.2–0.5 mm; appendages white to light pink, oblong to reniform or flabellate, 0.2–1.1 × 0.5–1.7 mm, surfaces glabrous, distal margin entire. |
obconic, 0.6–1 × 0.5–1 mm, densely strigose; glands 4, yellowish to reddish, oval to oblong, 0.1 × 0.2–0.3 mm; appendages white to pink, rudimentary or minute, (0–)0.1–0.2 × (0–)0.1–0.3 mm, distal margin crenulate. |
Staminate flowers | 25–40. |
3–5. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous or pilose; styles 0.4–0.6 mm, 2-fid entire length. |
ovary densely white villous; styles 0.1–0.2 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
Capsules | ovoid to oblate, 1.3–1.9 × 1.4–2.1 mm, glabrous or pilose; columella 1.1–1.7 mm. |
broadly ovoid, 1.3–1.5 × 1.4–1.5 mm, villous on keels, often glabrous or less hairy between keels; columella 1.1–1.3 mm. |
Seeds | pink to pinkish gray, narrowly ovoid to narrowly ovoid-oblong, 4-angled or weakly 3-angled in cross section, 0.9–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, irregularly dimpled, sometimes also with faint transverse ridges that do not pass through abaxial keel. |
white, barely concealing brown undercoat, 4-angled, sharply angled in cross section, abaxial faces plane to convex, adaxial faces concave, 1.1–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, with several rounded, irregular, transverse ridges. |
Cyathia | in dense, terminal capitate glomerules, with reduced, bractlike leaves subtending cyathia, at tips of main stems and short, leafy, axillary branches; peduncle 0.1–1.2 mm. |
solitary or in small, cymose clusters at distal nodes or on congested, axillary branches; peduncle 0.5–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
|
Euphorbia capitellata |
Euphorbia laredana |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting year-round in response to sufficient moisture. | Flowering and fruiting almost year-round. |
Habitat | Gravelly washes, rocky slopes, basaltic talus, disturbed roadsides, primarily desert scrub, desert grasslands, riparian forests, rarely oak-juniper woodlands. | Open sandy, loamy, or gravelly sites, old dunes, pastures. |
Elevation | 600–1600 m. (2000–5200 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas) |
Discussion | Euphorbia capitellata is a characteristic herb in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona, ranging east to extreme southwestern Texas. During peak flowering, plants are attractive due to the dense clusters of cyathia with well-developed involucral gland appendages. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia laredana is similar to E. prostrata but differs from that species in its more densely tomentose indumentum, leaves with usually entire rather than serrulate margins, and slightly longer seeds with rounded rather than sharp ridges. The species occurs primarily in southern Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 262. | FNA vol. 12, p. 274. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce capitellata, C. pycnanthema, E. pycnanthema | Chamaesyce laredana |
Name authority | Engelmann: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 188. (1859) | Millspaugh: Pittonia 2: 88. (1890) |
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