Euphorbia arizonica |
Euphorbia carunculata |
|
---|---|---|
Arizona sandmat, Arizona spurge |
sand-dune sandmat or spurge |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, with slender to slightly thickened taproot. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect to ascending, 10–30 cm, uniformly pilose with glistening hairs. |
prostrate, spreading and lanky or occasionally mat-forming, ± succulent, 70–150 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules distinct, deltate, (0–)0.1 mm, glabrous or with few scattered hairs; petiole 0.4–1.5 mm, pilose with glistening hairs; blade usually ovate, rarely elliptic, 3–11 × 2–7 mm, base asymmetric, one side cuneate to rounded, other side rounded to strongly cordate, margins entire, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces pilose with glistening hairs; 3-veined from base but usually only midvein conspicuous. |
opposite; stipules usually distinct, occasionally connate basally (primarily at distal nodes), usually divided into 2–5 subulate to subulate-filiform segments, occasionally forming narrow deltate segments (primarily at distal nodes), 0.8–1.8 mm, glabrous; petiole 3.1–6.3 mm, glabrous; blade ovate to elliptic-oblong, 5–26 × 4–12 mm, base subsymmetric to symmetric, rounded to cuneate, margins entire, apex usually mucronate, rarely acute or obtuse, surfaces glabrous; pinnately veined. |
Involucre | urceolate, 1.1–1.3 × 0.5–0.9 mm, glabrous or pilose with glistening hairs; glands 4, dark maroon, usually oblong to reniform, rarely almost circular, 0.2 × 0.2–0.4 mm; appendages white to pink, oblong, flabellate, oblong, or elliptic, 0.3–0.6 × 0.6–0.9 mm, distal margin entire or crenulate. |
campanulate, 1.1–1.8 × 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous; glands 4, yellowish, sessile or short stipitate, circular to oblong, 0.5–0.7 × 0.5–0.8 mm; appendages white to yellowish, ovate to oblong, occasionally rudimentary, (0–)0.8–1.2 × 0.8–1.5 mm, distal margin entire. |
Staminate flowers | 5–12. |
15–25. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary pilose, styles 0.5–0.6 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. |
Capsules | broadly ovoid to subglobose, 1.4–1.8 mm diam., pilose; columella 1.1–1.4 mm. |
ovoid, 4.7–5.5(–6) × 3.6–5.1 mm, glabrous; columella 4.3–5.1 mm. |
Seeds | gray to light brown, ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm, rugose with 2–5 irregular transverse ridges that sometimes pass through abaxial keel. |
grayish white to reddish brown mottled, bottle-shaped, strongly dorsiventrally compressed and weakly 3-angled in cross section, (2.8–)4.1–5.2 × 1.2–2(–3.4) mm, smooth; carunclelike structure linear, 0.4–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Cyathia | solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 0.7–3.6 mm. |
solitary at distal nodes; peduncle 1.4–3.6 mm. |
Euphorbia arizonica |
Euphorbia carunculata |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting year-round in response to sufficient moisture. | Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Washes and rocky slopes, sometimes on limestone, desert scrub communities often with creosote-bush, riparian forests, mesquite woodlands, oak chaparral. | Sand dunes. |
Elevation | 100–1400 m. (300–4600 ft.) | 400–1300 m. (1300–4300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; TX; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
|
KS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua) |
Discussion | Euphorbia arizonica is distinctive and easily recognized by its glistening, translucent hairs that appear somewhat glutinous and are most apparent on the stems. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia carunculata has a highly localized and scattered distribution. The species is restricted to sand dunes and known from only a handful of localities throughout its relatively wide range. The seeds are unique in being bottle-shaped and strongly laterally compressed, and unlike other members of sect. Anisophyllum, there is a minute, linear, carunclelike protuberance at the hilum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 260. | FNA vol. 12, p. 262. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Anisophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chamaesyce arizonica | Chamaesyce carunculata |
Name authority | Engelmann: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 186. (1859) | Waterfall: Rhodora 50: 63. (1948) |
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