|
giant spurge, roughpod spurge, tall spurge, warty spurge
|
hairy Mojave spurge
|
| Herbs, annual or biennial, with taproot. |
Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. |
erect, branched, 20–60 cm, glabrous. |
slender, erect or ascending, sometimes sinuous, densely branched near base, 10–50 cm, moderately to densely puberulent to lanulose. |
petiole 0–1 mm; blade oblong-spatulate, 20–50 × 7–18 mm, base broadly attenuate, margins serrulate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, ± glaucous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
petiole 0–1 mm; blade usually lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes slightly oblanceolate, 8–30 × 6–14 mm, base usually acute, occasionally short-attenuate, rarely obtuse, margins entire, apex usually acute, occasionally obtuse, acuminate, or cuspidate, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent to lanulose; venation pinnate, sometimes obscure, midvein prominent. |
narrowly campanulate, 0.8–1.1 × 1.1–1.3 mm, glabrous; glands 4, elliptic, 0.3–0.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm; horns absent. |
campanulate to broadly turbinate, 2.2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, puberulent to lanulose; glands 4, semicircular, trapezoidal, or elliptic-truncate, 0.8–1.5 × 1–2.2 mm, margins strongly crenate or dentate; horns usually absent, if present then straight, 0.1–0.2 mm, generally equaling teeth on gland margin. |
5–10. |
12–20. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.5–0.9 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary usually puberulent, occasionally lanulose; styles 1–1.2 mm, 2-fid. |
depressed-globose, 2–3 × 2.5–3.5 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, papillate, papillae 0.2–0.5 mm, glabrous; columella 1.5–1.9 mm. |
oblong-ovoid, 3.5–4 × 3–4 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth, usually puberulent, occasionally lanulose; columella 2.5–3 mm. |
purple-black, ovoid, 1.6–2 × 1.3–1.7 mm, reticulate and areolate; caruncle reniform, flat, 0.5 × 0.7 mm. |
gray to whitish, oblong cylindric, 2–3 × 1.5–1.8 mm, irregularly shallowly pitted to almost smooth; caruncle conic, 0.6 × 0.6 mm. |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3, 2–3 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts elliptic-oblanceolate to oblong, similar in size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, broadly ovate to orbiculate/reniform, base obtuse, margins serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded and often mucronulate; axillary cymose branches 6–20(–25). |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5, each 1–2 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts broadly ovate to subcordate, usually similar in size to, occasionally wider than, distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, broadly ovate to almost reniform, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, acuminate to cuspidate; axillary cymose branches 0–5. |
peduncle 0.5–1 mm. |
peduncle 0.3–0.8 mm. |
|
|
|
|
| Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. |
| Montane pine-oak and mixed conifer forests, disturbed roadsides, logged areas. |
Ponderosa pine forests, oak-pine mixed forests, dry stream banks and beds, open scrub areas, roadsides. |
| 1500–3000 m. (4900–9800 ft.) |
1000–2200 m. (3300–7200 ft.) |
|
AZ; NM; Mexico
|
AZ |
Euphorbia alta is a montane species from southern Arizona, New Mexico, and northern and central Mexico that is very similar to and sometimes difficult to distinguish from E. spathulata. Euphorbia alta tends to be a robust biennial, whereas E. spathulata is strictly annual. The most consistent characteristic to separate these two species is that the ovaries and capsules of E. alta are distinctly papillate, with the papillae rising sharply above the surface, whereas the ovaries and capsules of E. spathulata are merely verrucose, with the protuberances lower and rounded. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia yaquiana is endemic to Pima and Graham counties in southern Arizona and is known only from the Santa Catalina and Pinaleño mountains. Records of E. yaquiana from southwestern Colorado (as E. incisa var. mollis) likely represent misidentifications of E. brachycera; therefore, those disjunct occurrences have been excluded here from the distribution of E. yaquiana. Euphorbia yaquiana has often been treated as a synonym of E. schizoloba var. mollis, but molecular phylogenetic data show that it is more closely related to E. brachycera and E. chamaesula (J. A. Peirson et al. 2014). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| FNA vol. 12, p. 298. |
FNA vol. 12, p. 313. |
| Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii, E. yaquiana |
E. aaron-rossii, E. abramsiana, E. acuta, E. agraria, E. albomarginata, E. alta, E. angusta, E. antisyphilitica, E. arizonica, E. astyla, E. austrotexana, E. bicolor, E. bifurcata, E. bilobata, E. blodgettii, E. bombensis, E. brachycera, E. capitellata, E. carunculata, E. chaetocalyx, E. chamaesula, E. cinerascens, E. commutata, E. conferta, E. cordifolia, E. corollata, E. crenulata, E. cumulicola, E. cuphosperma, E. curtisii, E. cyathophora, E. cyparissias, E. davidii, E. deltoidea, E. dendroides, E. dentata, E. discoidalis, E. eriantha, E. exigua, E. exserta, E. exstipulata, E. falcata, E. fendleri, E. florida, E. floridana, E. garberi, E. georgiana, E. geyeri, E. glyptosperma, E. golondrina, E. gracillima, E. graminea, E. helioscopia, E. helleri, E. heterophylla, E. hexagona, E. hirta, E. hooveri, E. humistrata, E. hypericifolia, E. hyssopifolia, E. indivisa, E. innocua, E. inundata, E. ipecacuanhae, E. jaegeri, E. jejuna, E. laredana, E. lasiocarpa, E. lata, E. lathyris, E. longicruris, E. lurida, E. macropus, E. maculata, E. marginata, E. meganaesos, E. melanadenia, E. mendezii, E. mercurialina, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. micromera, E. misera, E. missurica, E. myrsinites, E. nephradenia, E. nutans, E. oblongata, E. ocellata, E. ophthalmica, E. ouachitana, E. parishii, E. parryi, E. pediculifera, E. peplidion, E. peplus, E. perennans, E. pergamena, E. pinetorum, E. platyphyllos, E. platysperma, E. polycarpa, E. polygonifolia, E. polyphylla, E. porteriana, E. prostrata, E. pubentissima, E. purpurea, E. radians, E. rayturneri, E. revoluta, E. roemeriana, E. rosescens, E. schizoloba, E. serpens, E. serpillifolia, E. serrata, E. serrula, E. setiloba, E. simulans, E. spathulata, E. stictospora, E. strictior, E. telephioides, E. terracina, E. tetrapora, E. texana, E. theriaca, E. thymifolia, E. tithymaloides, E. trachysperma, E. trichotoma, E. vallis-mortae, E. velleriflora, E. vermiculata, E. villifera, E. virgata, E. wrightii |
| Tithymalus altus |
E. schizoloba var. mollis, E. incisa var. mollis |
| Norton: N. Amer. Euphorbia, 24, plate 24. (1899) |
Tidestrom: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 41. (1935) |
| |
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