Euphorbia alta |
Euphorbia peplidion |
|
---|---|---|
giant spurge, roughpod spurge, tall spurge, warty spurge |
low spurge |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual or biennial, with taproot. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect, branched, 20–60 cm, glabrous. |
erect, unbranched or branched, 5–20 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | petiole 0–1 mm; blade oblong-spatulate, 20–50 × 7–18 mm, base broadly attenuate, margins serrulate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, ± glaucous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
petiole 0–0.2 mm; blade linear-oblanceolate to cuneate-spatulate, 5–20 × 1–4 mm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous; venation inconspicuously pinnate, midvein prominent. |
Involucre | narrowly campanulate, 0.8–1.1 × 1.1–1.3 mm, glabrous; glands 4, elliptic, 0.3–0.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm; horns absent. |
broadly campanulate-turbinate, 0.8–1 × 0.6–0.9 mm, glabrous; glands 4, elliptic, 0.2–0.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm; horns divergent, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
Staminate flowers | 5–10. |
5–10. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 0.5–0.9 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.5–0.7 mm, 2-fid. |
Capsules | depressed-globose, 2–3 × 2.5–3.5 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, papillate, papillae 0.2–0.5 mm, glabrous; columella 1.5–1.9 mm. |
depressed-globose, 1.8–2.3 × 2.6–3 mm, 3-lobed; cocci slightly flattened, without wings, smooth, glabrous; columella 1.3–1.5 mm. |
Seeds | purple-black, ovoid, 1.6–2 × 1.3–1.7 mm, reticulate and areolate; caruncle reniform, flat, 0.5 × 0.7 mm. |
gray to brown, oblong, 1.3–1.6 × 0.9–1.1 mm, abaxial faces irregularly large-pitted, adaxial faces longitudinally sulcate; caruncle flat, umbonate, 2-lobed, 0.4 × 0.7 mm. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3, 2–3 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts elliptic-oblanceolate to oblong, similar in size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, broadly ovate to orbiculate/reniform, base obtuse, margins serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded and often mucronulate; axillary cymose branches 6–20(–25). |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3(–5), 1–3 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts linear, lanceolate, or spatulate, similar in size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rhomboid-lanceolate to ovate, falcate, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire or slightly erose, apex acute; axillary cymose branches 0–3. |
Cyathia | peduncle 0.5–1 mm. |
peduncle 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Euphorbia alta |
Euphorbia peplidion |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting summer. | Flowering and fruiting late winter–spring. |
Habitat | Montane pine-oak and mixed conifer forests, disturbed roadsides, logged areas. | Dry, sandy areas, open areas with poor soils, roadsides, stream banks. |
Elevation | 1500–3000 m. (4900–9800 ft.) | 100–300 m. (300–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; Mexico
|
TX |
Discussion | Euphorbia alta is a montane species from southern Arizona, New Mexico, and northern and central Mexico that is very similar to and sometimes difficult to distinguish from E. spathulata. Euphorbia alta tends to be a robust biennial, whereas E. spathulata is strictly annual. The most consistent characteristic to separate these two species is that the ovaries and capsules of E. alta are distinctly papillate, with the papillae rising sharply above the surface, whereas the ovaries and capsules of E. spathulata are merely verrucose, with the protuberances lower and rounded. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euphorbia peplidion is native to central and south-central Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 298. | FNA vol. 12, p. 306. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Tithymalus altus | Tithymalus peplidion |
Name authority | Norton: N. Amer. Euphorbia, 24, plate 24. (1899) | Engelmann: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 191. (1859) |
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