Euphorbia agraria |
Euphorbia georgiana |
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urban spurge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, with slender, spreading rootstock. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or branched, 30–90 cm, glabrous. |
erect, often branched near base, 10–18 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | petiole absent; blade oblong-elliptic, 20–65 × 9–20 mm, base truncate to auriculate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous; venation conspicuously pinnate, midvein prominent. |
petiole absent; blade oblanceolate, 5–12 × 3–5 mm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
Involucre | campanulate, 2.2–3 × 1.8–2 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.6–1 × 1–2 mm; horns slightly divergent to convergent, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
infundibular, 1–1.1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.3–0.4 × 0.4–0.5 mm; horns divergent, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Staminate flowers | 15–20. |
5–10. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 1.2–2 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary glabrous; styles 0.5 mm, 2-fid. |
Capsules | globose, 2–2.8 × 2.2–2.7 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth except finely granulate toward abaxial line, glabrous; columella 2.1–2.7 mm. |
depressed-ovoid, 2.2–2.4 × 3.2–3.4 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth, glabrous; columella 2–2.1 mm. |
Seeds | gray or whitish, ovoid-oblong, 2–2.1 × 1.2–1.3 mm, smooth; caruncle ± rounded and flattened, 0.8 × 0.6 mm. |
gray, ovoid, 1.6–1.7 × 1.4–1.6 mm, with deep, rounded pits irregularly scattered over entire surface; caruncle reniform, subconic, 0.5–0.6 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 8–15, 1–2 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape but shorter and narrower than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rhombic to reniform, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, mucronate; axillary cymose branches 12–23. |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3, 1–3 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts rotund-obovate, wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, not imbricate, broadly deltate to subreniform, base truncate to emarginate, margins entire, apex rounded to bluntly acuminate; axillary cymose branches 0–1. |
Cyathia | peduncle 0–2 mm. |
peduncle 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Euphorbia agraria |
Euphorbia georgiana |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting spring. |
Habitat | Grasslands, roadside banks, pastures. | Granite outcrops. |
Elevation | 200–1600 m. (700–5200 ft.) | 100–200 m. (300–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
KS; MT; NE; NY; PA; WA; WY; AB; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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GA |
Discussion | Euphorbia georgiana is restricted to granitic outcrops; it is known from Oglethorpe and Wilkes counties (M. H. Mayfield 2013). It is similar to E. austrotexana but has larger seeds that are much more deeply pitted and leaves that are oblanceolate instead of linear-oblanceolate to linear. It is also quite distinct from the more robust, biennial or occasionally annual E. commutata, the only other closely-related species that occurs in the area. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 298. | FNA vol. 12, p. 303. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Tithymalus agrarius | |
Name authority | M. Bieberstein: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 375. (1808) | Mayfield: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7: 639, fig. 2[row 2, left]. (2013) |
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