Euphorbia agraria |
Euphorbia cuphosperma |
|
---|---|---|
urban spurge |
hairy-fruit spurge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, with slender, spreading rootstock. | Herbs, annual, with taproot. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or branched, 30–90 cm, glabrous. |
erect, 13–20 cm, both pilose to villous and densely strigillose; branches ± straight. |
Leaves | petiole absent; blade oblong-elliptic, 20–65 × 9–20 mm, base truncate to auriculate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous; venation conspicuously pinnate, midvein prominent. |
usually opposite, occasionally alternate at distal nodes; petiole 3–15 mm, pilose; blade narrowly to broadly elliptic, or lanceolate to ovate, 30–80 × 10–15 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins coarsely crenate-dentate, strigose, revolute to nearly flat, apex broadly acute to acuminate, or obtuse, abaxial surface pilose, adaxial surface sparsely strigose-hirsute; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. |
Involucre | campanulate, 2.2–3 × 1.8–2 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.6–1 × 1–2 mm; horns slightly divergent to convergent, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
campanulate to slightly cylindric, 2.3 × 1.2 mm, glabrous; involucral lobes divided into several linear, smooth lobes; gland 1, yellow-green, stipitate, clavate, 1–1.2 × 0.8–0.9 mm, opening bilabiate and oblong, glabrous; appendages absent. |
Staminate flowers | 15–20. |
3–5. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 1.2–2 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary pilose; styles 1.2 mm, 2-fid nearly entire length. |
Capsules | globose, 2–2.8 × 2.2–2.7 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth except finely granulate toward abaxial line, glabrous; columella 2.1–2.7 mm. |
broadly ovoid, 2.2–3 × 1.9–2.7 mm, 3-lobed, pilose; columella 2–2.4 mm. |
Seeds | gray or whitish, ovoid-oblong, 2–2.1 × 1.2–1.3 mm, smooth; caruncle ± rounded and flattened, 0.8 × 0.6 mm. |
gray-brown to pale gray, pyramidally ovoid, angular in cross section, 2.3–2.6 × 2.4–2.6 mm, coarsely tuberculate, tubercles in 2 transverse rows; caruncle 0.2–0.4 mm. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 8–15, 1–2 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape but shorter and narrower than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rhombic to reniform, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, mucronate; axillary cymose branches 12–23. |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches usually 3, occasionally reduced to congested cyme, 1–2-branched; pleiochasial bracts 2–4, often whorled, wholly green or paler green at base, similar in shape and size to distal leaves or slightly narrower; dichasial bracts highly reduced. |
Cyathia | peduncle 0–2 mm. |
peduncle 0.5–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 56. |
|
Euphorbia agraria |
Euphorbia cuphosperma |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Grasslands, roadside banks, pastures. | Open montane and canyon forests, pinyon-juniper forests, montane grasslands, stream beds, disturbed habitats. |
Elevation | 200–1600 m. (700–5200 ft.) | 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
KS; MT; NE; NY; PA; WA; WY; AB; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America]
|
AZ; NM; Mexico; Central America (Guatemala)
|
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 298. | FNA vol. 12, p. 319. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > sect. Poinsettia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Tithymalus agrarius | E. dentata var. cuphosperma, Poinsettia cuphosperma |
Name authority | M. Bieberstein: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 375. (1808) | (Engelmann) Boissier: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 73. (1862) |
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