Euphorbia agraria |
Euphorbia chamaesula |
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urban spurge |
mountain spurge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, with slender, spreading rootstock. | Herbs, perennial, with thick rootstock. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or branched, 30–90 cm, glabrous. |
erect, branched, 40–90 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | petiole absent; blade oblong-elliptic, 20–65 × 9–20 mm, base truncate to auriculate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous; venation conspicuously pinnate, midvein prominent. |
petiole 0.5–1 mm; blade elliptic to oblong, 8–20(–40) × 3–6 mm, base truncate, rounded, or attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse or acute, sometimes slightly mucronate, surfaces glabrous; venation inconspicuous, only midvein prominent. |
Involucre | campanulate, 2.2–3 × 1.8–2 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.6–1 × 1–2 mm; horns slightly divergent to convergent, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
turbinate or campanulate, 1.5–2.5 × 1.1–1.9 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped to semicircular, 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.8 mm; horns usually convergent, 0.2–0.8 mm. |
Staminate flowers | 15–20. |
8–12. |
Pistillate flowers | ovary glabrous; styles 1.2–2 mm, 2-fid. |
ovary glabrous; styles 1–1.8 mm, 2-fid. |
Capsules | globose, 2–2.8 × 2.2–2.7 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth except finely granulate toward abaxial line, glabrous; columella 2.1–2.7 mm. |
depressed-ovoid, 4.3–5 × 5–6 mm, 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth, glabrous; columella 3.5–4 mm. |
Seeds | gray or whitish, ovoid-oblong, 2–2.1 × 1.2–1.3 mm, smooth; caruncle ± rounded and flattened, 0.8 × 0.6 mm. |
gray to dark brown, ovoid-oblong, truncate at both ends, 2.6–3.4 × 2–2.6 mm, shallowly pitted to almost smooth; caruncle conic, 1 × 0.8 mm. |
Cyathial | arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 8–15, 1–2 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape but shorter and narrower than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, rhombic to reniform, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, mucronate; axillary cymose branches 12–23. |
arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches 3–5(–6), each 3–4 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts ovate-lanceolate to slightly subpandurate, similar in size or wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, lanceolate to broadly ovate, base usually truncate to rounded or subcordate, sometimes attenuate, margins entire or slightly crenulate, apex usually obtuse to acute, occasionally acuminate; axillary cymose branches 2–8. |
Cyathia | peduncle 0–2 mm. |
peduncle 1–3 mm. |
2n | = 26. |
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Euphorbia agraria |
Euphorbia chamaesula |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. |
Habitat | Grasslands, roadside banks, pastures. | Clearings in ponderosa pine forests, montane roadsides, dry streambeds, creek banks, sandy and gravelly soils. |
Elevation | 200–1600 m. (700–5200 ft.) | 1700–2700 m. (5600–8900 ft.) |
Distribution |
KS; MT; NE; NY; PA; WA; WY; AB; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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Discussion | Euphorbia chamaesula is easily distinguished from other perennial members of subg. Esula in western North America by its larger capsules and the vegetative shoots (without cyathia) that arise from the distal nodes of the stem proximal to the pleiochasia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 298. | FNA vol. 12, p. 300. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula | Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia > subg. Esula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Tithymalus agrarius | Tithymalus chamaesula |
Name authority | M. Bieberstein: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 375. (1808) | Boissier: Cent. Euphorb., 38. (1860) |
Web links |