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upland boneset, upland thoroughwort

boneset thoroughwort, Chapman's thoroughwort, common boneset, eupatoire perfoliée

Habit Perennials, 50–100+ cm. Perennials, 40–100+ cm.
Stems

(from short caudices or rhizomes) single, sparsely branched distally, 5–10+ dm, glabrous or glabrate proximally, puberulent distally (among heads).

(from short caudices) single, sparsely branched distally, puberulent throughout.

Leaves

usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate); simple, sessile;

blades pinnately nerved, lanceolate to oblong, 70–150+ × 10–30 mm (lengths mostly 2–5 times widths), bases truncate to somewhat rounded, margins serrate, apices narrowly acute to acuminate, faces glabrate (scattered, fine hairs), gland-dotted.

usually opposite (sometimes whorled);

sessile;

blades pinnately nerved, oblong (tapering toward apices), 50–150+ × 15–40 mm, bases connate-perfoliate, margins serrate, apices acute, faces pilose, gland-dotted (abaxial), glabrate, not gland-dotted (adaxial).

Florets

5;

corollas 3–3.5 mm.

7–11;

corollas 2.5–3 mm.

Phyllaries

10–15 in 2–3 series, elliptic to oblong, 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 mm, apices rounded to acute (not mucronate), abaxial faces villous to puberulent, gland-dotted.

7–10 in 1–2 series, oblong, 2–4.5 × 0.6–1 mm, apices (whitish) acute to acuminate, abaxial faces villous or puberulent, gland-dotted.

Heads

in corymbiform arrays.

in corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

2–3 mm;

pappi of 30–40 bristles 3–4 mm.

1.5–2 mm;

pappi of 20–30 bristles 3–3.5 mm.

2n

= 20, 30.

= 20.

Eupatorium sessilifolium

Eupatorium perfoliatum

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat Dry, open, edges of mesic woods Moist, low ground, marshes, roadsides, swamps, wet pastures
Elevation 20–300+ m (100–1000+ ft) 10–500+ m (0–1600+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Eupatorium perfoliatum is both distinctive, with its perfoliate leaf bases, and extraordinarily widespread. Hybrids between E. perfoliatum and other species of Eupatorium have been reported. The name E. resinosum var. kentuckiense Fernald is based on hybrids between E. perfoliatum and E. serotinum (= E. ×truncatum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow). Eupatorium perfoliatum var. colpophilum refers to populations characterized by narrower, more leathery leaves found in the extreme northeastern portion of the range.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 474. FNA vol. 21, p. 471.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium
Sibling taxa
E. album, E. altissimum, E. anomalum, E. cannabinum, E. capillifolium, E. compositifolium, E. godfreyanum, E. hyssopifolium, E. lancifolium, E. leptophyllum, E. leucolepis, E. linearifolium, E. mikanioides, E. mohrii, E. perfoliatum, E. petaloideum, E. pilosum, E. resinosum, E. rotundifolium, E. semiserratum, E. serotinum, E. ×cordigerum, E. ×pinnatifidum
E. album, E. altissimum, E. anomalum, E. cannabinum, E. capillifolium, E. compositifolium, E. godfreyanum, E. hyssopifolium, E. lancifolium, E. leptophyllum, E. leucolepis, E. linearifolium, E. mikanioides, E. mohrii, E. petaloideum, E. pilosum, E. resinosum, E. rotundifolium, E. semiserratum, E. serotinum, E. sessilifolium, E. ×cordigerum, E. ×pinnatifidum
Synonyms E. chapmanii, E. perfoliatum var. colpophilum, E. perfoliatum var. cuneatum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 837. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 838. (1753)
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