Eupatorium semiserratum |
Eupatorium ×cordigerum |
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smallflower eupatorium, smallflower thoroughwort |
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Habit | Perennials, 40–100+ cm. | Perennials, 40–100+ cm. |
Stems | (from short rhizomes) single, densely branched distally, puberulent throughout. |
(from short rhizomes) single, branched distally, densely pilose. |
Leaves | usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate, lateral buds dormant or producing 1 pair of leaves); simple, sessile or subsessile; blades ± 3-nerved distal to bases, elliptic to lance-elliptic, (30–)50–70 × 5–25 mm (lengths mostly 2–5 times widths), bases narrowly cuneate, margins usually serrate, apices acute, faces puberulent or villous, densely gland-dotted. |
usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate); sessile; blades ± 3-nerved or pinnately nerved, ovate, 3–9.8 × 1.6–5.7 cm, bases clasping or narrowly perfoliate, margins serrate, apices acute, faces (rugose) sparsely pilose (adaxial) or densely pilose (abaxial) and densely gland-dotted. |
Florets | 5; corollas 2.5–3 mm. |
5–8; corollas 2.5–3 mm. |
Phyllaries | 7–10 in 2–3 series, elliptic, 1–3 × 0.5–1 mm, apices rounded to acute (not mucronate), abaxial faces puberulent, gland-dotted. |
7–10 in 2–3 series, 4–12 × 1–4 mm, apices (usually white) acuminate to acute, abaxial faces pilose, gland-dotted. |
Heads | in corymbiform arrays. |
in corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1.5–2 mm; pappi of 30–40 bristles 2.5–3 mm. |
2–3 mm; pappi of 30–40 bristles 3.5–4.5 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 30, 40. |
Eupatorium semiserratum |
Eupatorium ×cordigerum |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Moist to boggy, sandy, peaty soils, margins of pine flatwoods, gum swamps, bayheads, disturbed sites, roadsides | Margins of woods, moist areas |
Elevation | 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft) | 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN
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AR; MS; NC; NJ; SC; VA |
Discussion | Eupatorium semiserratum has been included within E. glaucescens (E. cuneifolium); it is distinguished by its consistently smaller heads and stems that branch only within the capitulescences. It differs from the similar and sometimes sympatric E. lancifolium by its smaller heads, leaves 3-nerved distal to bases (rather than at bases), as well as preference for wetter habitats. It has been proposed that E. rotundifolium var. scabridum (E. pubescens) represents hybrids between E. semiserratum and E. rotundifolium; it also apparently hybridizes with E. hyssopifolium. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Eupatorium ×cordigerum is an apomictic, polyploid hybrid of E. rotundifolium and E. perfoliatum that occurs in disturbed areas where those two species occur together. It is not uncommonly encountered; it is unclear how long it persists. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 473. | FNA vol. 21, p. 467. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium | Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. cuneifolium var. semiserratum | E. rotundifolium var. cordigerum |
Name authority | de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 177. (1836) | (Fernald) Fernald: Rhodora 47: 192. (1945) |
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