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smallflower eupatorium, smallflower thoroughwort

Habit Perennials, 40–100+ cm. Perennials, 40–100+ cm.
Stems

(from short rhizomes) single, densely branched distally, puberulent throughout.

(from short rhizomes) single, branched distally, densely pilose.

Leaves

usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate, lateral buds dormant or producing 1 pair of leaves); simple, sessile or subsessile;

blades ± 3-nerved distal to bases, elliptic to lance-elliptic, (30–)50–70 × 5–25 mm (lengths mostly 2–5 times widths), bases narrowly cuneate, margins usually serrate, apices acute, faces puberulent or villous, densely gland-dotted.

usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate);

sessile;

blades ± 3-nerved or pinnately nerved, ovate, 3–9.8 × 1.6–5.7 cm, bases clasping or narrowly perfoliate, margins serrate, apices acute, faces (rugose) sparsely pilose (adaxial) or densely pilose (abaxial) and densely gland-dotted.

Florets

5;

corollas 2.5–3 mm.

5–8;

corollas 2.5–3 mm.

Phyllaries

7–10 in 2–3 series, elliptic, 1–3 × 0.5–1 mm, apices rounded to acute (not mucronate), abaxial faces puberulent, gland-dotted.

7–10 in 2–3 series, 4–12 × 1–4 mm, apices (usually white) acuminate to acute, abaxial faces pilose, gland-dotted.

Heads

in corymbiform arrays.

in corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

1.5–2 mm;

pappi of 30–40 bristles 2.5–3 mm.

2–3 mm;

pappi of 30–40 bristles 3.5–4.5 mm.

2n

= 20.

= 30, 40.

Eupatorium semiserratum

Eupatorium ×cordigerum

Phenology Flowering Aug–Sep. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Moist to boggy, sandy, peaty soils, margins of pine flatwoods, gum swamps, bayheads, disturbed sites, roadsides Margins of woods, moist areas
Elevation 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft) 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; MS; NC; NJ; SC; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Eupatorium semiserratum has been included within E. glaucescens (E. cuneifolium); it is distinguished by its consistently smaller heads and stems that branch only within the capitulescences. It differs from the similar and sometimes sympatric E. lancifolium by its smaller heads, leaves 3-nerved distal to bases (rather than at bases), as well as preference for wetter habitats. It has been proposed that E. rotundifolium var. scabridum (E. pubescens) represents hybrids between E. semiserratum and E. rotundifolium; it also apparently hybridizes with E. hyssopifolium.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Eupatorium ×cordigerum is an apomictic, polyploid hybrid of E. rotundifolium and E. perfoliatum that occurs in disturbed areas where those two species occur together. It is not uncommonly encountered; it is unclear how long it persists.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 473. FNA vol. 21, p. 467.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium
Sibling taxa
E. album, E. altissimum, E. anomalum, E. cannabinum, E. capillifolium, E. compositifolium, E. godfreyanum, E. hyssopifolium, E. lancifolium, E. leptophyllum, E. leucolepis, E. linearifolium, E. mikanioides, E. mohrii, E. perfoliatum, E. petaloideum, E. pilosum, E. resinosum, E. rotundifolium, E. serotinum, E. sessilifolium, E. ×cordigerum, E. ×pinnatifidum
E. album, E. altissimum, E. anomalum, E. cannabinum, E. capillifolium, E. compositifolium, E. godfreyanum, E. hyssopifolium, E. lancifolium, E. leptophyllum, E. leucolepis, E. linearifolium, E. mikanioides, E. mohrii, E. perfoliatum, E. petaloideum, E. pilosum, E. resinosum, E. rotundifolium, E. semiserratum, E. serotinum, E. sessilifolium, E. ×pinnatifidum
Synonyms E. cuneifolium var. semiserratum E. rotundifolium var. cordigerum
Name authority de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 177. (1836) (Fernald) Fernald: Rhodora 47: 192. (1945)
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